Snow removal alters soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity in a Tibetan alpine forest |
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| Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering, Institute of Ecology & Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China;2. NSW Department of Primary Industries, West Pennant Hills, NSW 2125, Australia;3. School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;1. Irstea, UR EMGR Ecosystèmes montagnards, 2 rue de la Papeterie-BP 76, F-38402 Saint Martin d''Hères, France;2. Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38402 Grenoble, France;3. Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering ENAC, Laboratory of Ecological Systems ECOS, Station 2, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;4. Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Site Lausanne, Station 2, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;5. Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands;6. Laboratoire de Chrono-Environnement, UMR CNRS 6249, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, 16 route de Gray, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25030 Besançon, France;1. Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;1. LEM, Laboratoire d''Ecologie microbienne, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5557 USC INRA 1364, Université de Lyon, 16 rue Raphaël Dubois, 69100 Villeurbanne, France;2. LECA, Laboratoire d''Ecologie Alpine UMR CNRS 5553, Université Grenoble Alpes, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France;3. CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier; UMR5174 EDB, F-31062 Toulouse, France;1. Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;2. College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;3. Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China;1. Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan;2. Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan;3. Asia Center for Air Pollution Research, Japan Environmental Sanitation Center, 1182 Sowa, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2144, Japan;4. Filed Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan;5. Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, N9 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0809, Japan;1. Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA;2. Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA |
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| Abstract: | Projected future decreases in snow cover associated with global warming in alpine ecosystems could affect soil biochemical cycling. To address the objectives how an altered snow removal could affect soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity related to soil carbon and nitrogen cycling and pools, plastic film coverage and returning of melt snow water were applied to simulate the absence of snow cover in a Tibetan alpine forest of western China. Soil temperature and moisture, nutrient availability, microbial biomass and enzyme activity were measured at different periods (before snow cover, early snow cover, deep snow cover, snow cover melting and early growing season) over the entire 2009/2010 winter. Snow removal increased the daily variation of soil temperature, frequency of freeze–thaw cycle, soil frost depth, and advanced the dates of soil freezing and melting, and the peak release of inorganic N. Snow removal significantly decreased soil gravimetric water, ammonium and inorganic N, and activity of soil invertase and urease, but increased soil nitrate, dissolve organic C (DOC) and N (DON), and soil microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN). Our results suggest that a decreased snow cover associated with global warming may advance the timing of soil freezing and thawing as well as the peak of releases of nutrients, leading to an enhanced nutrient leaching before plant become active. These results demonstrate that an absence of snow cover under global warming scenarios will alter soil microbial activities and hence element biogeochemical cycling in alpine forest ecosystems. |
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| Keywords: | Alpine forest Freeze–thaw cycle Soil microorganism Nutrient availability Soil enzyme activity |
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