Soil microarthropod community testing: A new approach to increase the ecological relevance of effect data for pesticide risk assessment |
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| Institution: | 1. IMAR-CMA, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Apartado 3046, P 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal;2. CREAF, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, P08193 Barcelona, Spain;3. Museu da Ciência, Laboratorio Chimico, Largo Marquês de Pombal, 3000-272 Coimbra, Portugal;4. CESAM, Departament of Biology, University of Aveiro, P-3810 193 Aveiro, Portugal;5. CESAM, Departament of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, P-3810 193 Aveiro, Portugal;6. CRHEA, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, P13566590 CP 339, Brazil;1. 141 Av. Président-Kennedy, Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, H2X 1Y4, Canada;2. CEFE UMR 5175, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3, EPHE, CNRS, IRD, Université de Montpellier, F-34000, Montpellier, France;1. Bioforsk – Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Frederik A. Dahl Vei 20, NO-1430 Ås, Norway;2. Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark;3. University of Oslo, Department of Biosciences, Blindernveien 31, 0371 Oslo, Norway;1. Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;2. Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing 210095, China;3. Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil, Nanchang 331717, China;1. Department of Soil Science, Centre for Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC-CAV), Lages, Brazil;2. Department of Animal Science, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC Oeste), Chapecó, Brazil;3. CFE—Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal;4. CEF—Center for Pharmaceutical Studies, Health Sciences Campus, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Coimbra, Portugal;5. INIAV/LNIV—National Institute for Agronomic and Veterinary Research, Lisboa, Portugal;1. Department of Environmental Geochemistry, Fluminense Federal University, Outeiro São João Baptista, s/n., Centro, 24020-007, Niterói, RJ, Brazil;2. Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecossistemas Agrícolas e Naturais (PPGEAN), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Center of Curitibanos, Rod. Ulysses Gabordi, km 3, 89520-000, Curitibanos, SC, Brazil;1. MARE, University of Coimbra, Portugal;2. CFE—Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal;3. University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;4. Faculty of Biological Sciences, Leeds University, Leeds, UK;5. Teagasc, Johnstown Castle Research Centre, Wexford, Ireland |
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| Abstract: | In the present study, a new complementary approach combining the use of the natural soil microarthropod community and conventional test methods was used. The effects of soil contamination with the insecticide carbofuran on two geographically distinct microarthropod communities (Mediterranean and Tropical) were evaluated in their soils of origin under controlled laboratory conditions.After contamination of two agricultural soils from Portugal and Brazil, a gradient of concentrations was prepared. Soil cores were taken from the respective uncontaminated surrounding areas and the mesofauna of three cores was extracted directly to the test soil. After extracting the microarthropod communities to the test soil, these were incubated under laboratory conditions for 4 weeks, after which the mesofauna was extracted again. The organisms were assorted into higher taxonomic groups and Acari and Collembola were respectively assorted into order/sub-order/cohort and family. Collembolans were still classified according to morphological traits and used as a case-study of trait based risk assessment (TERA; Baird et al., 2008) of pesticides.The exposure to insecticide contamination caused the impoverishment of the taxonomic diversity in both communities. Significant shifts in the microarthropod community structure in the different carbofuran treatments were found for both soils, although effects were more pronounced in the assay performed with the soil from Brazil. Collembolans were the most affected group with a strong decline in their abundance. A dose–response relationship was observed, showing a consistent decline on the relative abundance of Isotomidae, closely followed by an increase of Entomobryidae. Contrastingly, Acari (especially Oribatida) tended to increase their numbers with higher concentrations.Trait based analysis of Collembola data suggested that a shift in the functional composition of the communities occurred due to carbofuran soil contamination and that species adapted to deeper soil layers were more vulnerable to insecticide toxicity. |
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| Keywords: | Community ecotoxicology Carbofuran Diversity Life-traits Tropical Collembola |
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