不同投喂频率对脊尾白虾生物钟基因表达、生长及肌肉成分组成的影响

为探究不同投喂频率对脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)生长的影响, 确定脊尾白虾养殖适宜投喂频率, 本研究分析了在不同投喂频率下脊尾白虾眼柄和肝脏中的生物钟基因表达节律变化, 评估了不同投喂频率对脊尾白虾生物钟系统同步性的影响, 并开展了生长及肌肉组成的同步养殖验证。结果表明: 在投喂频率为＜3 次/d 时, 生物钟基因的表达节律并没有随着投喂频率的改变而发生变化, 无论在眼柄或肝脏中均表现出相似的表达周期及表达顶相, 且各自的表达量间也无显著性差异变化。然而, 当投喂频率增加到 4 次/d 时, 肝脏中部分生物钟基因的表达节律发生了显著变化, 表现为表达周期改变、相位明显偏移及表达量变化。其中, 投喂频率为 3 次/d 时, 脊尾白虾眼柄与肝脏中生物钟基因表达节律的同步性最高。生长结果也显示, 脊尾白虾的生长性能随投喂频率升高(从 1 次/d 至 3 次/d 时)而升高, 3 次/d 时达到最高, 其特定生长率及增重率分别为(6.65±0.98)%/d 和(199.46±5.42)%。同时, 随着投喂频率升高, 脊尾白虾肌肉组织中的粗蛋白及粗脂肪含量也呈现上升趋势, 在 3 次/d 时达到最高, 分别为(19.98±0.04)%和(1.88±0.23)%。投喂频率对脊尾白虾肝脏中生物钟基因的表达节律有重要影响, 表明该因素对重置或调控脊尾白虾外周生物钟系统有一定的牵引作用。

Effects of feeding frequency on clock gene expression, growth, and muscle composition of Exopalaemon carinicauda

Asynchrony among the various biological clock systems is considered one of the primary reasons for the occurrence and development of adverse diseases such as physiological and metabolic disorders. Changes in feeding frequency can affect the expression rhythms of the biological clock system, thereby affecting biological growth and development. To investigate the effect of feeding frequency on the growth of Exopalaemon carinicauda and determine the appropriate feeding frequency for its cultivation, this study analyzed the rhythmic changes in biological clock gene expression in the eyestalk and liver of E. carinicauda under varying feeding regimens, evaluated the impact of different feeding frequencies on the synchronization of biological clock systems in E. carinicauda, and simultaneously verified growth and muscle composition changes through cultivation. The results showed that when the feeding frequency was less than 3 times per day, the expression rhythm of biological clock genes did not change in response to changes in feeding frequency. Similar expression cycles and peak phases were observed in both the eyestalk and liver, with no significant difference in their respective expression levels. However, when the feeding frequency increased to 4 times per day, there were significant changes in the expression rhythm in the liver, which manifested as changes in the expression cycle, phase shifts, and expression levels themselves. Notably, when the feeding frequency is 3 times per day, the synchronization of clock gene expression rhythm between the eyestalk and the liver is at its highest. Furthermore, the results also showed that the growth of E. carinicauda increased with feeding frequency from 1 to 3 times/d. Indeed, the specific growth rate (SGR) and weight gain rate (WGR) were (6.65±0.98)%/d and (199.46±5.42)%, respectively. Concurrently, as the feeding frequency increased, so did the crude protein and crude fat content in the muscle tissue, reaching a maximum in the treatment C with (19.98±0.04)% and (1.88±0.23)%, respectively. In summary, the feeding frequency has a significant impact on the expression rhythm of circadian clock genes in the liver of E. carinicauda, indicating its modulatory effect on resetting or regulating the peripheral circadian clock system.