Azospirillum brasilense mitigates water stress imposed by a vascular disease by increasing xylem vessel area and stem hydraulic conductivity in tomato |
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| Institution: | 1. Cátedra de Fitopatología, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina;2. Cátedra de Microbiología Agrícola, INBA-CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina;1. Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;2. Nikko Botanical Garden, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hanaishicho 1842, Nikko, Tochigi 321-1435, Japan;1. Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China;2. Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China;3. College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China;1. University of Trieste, Department of Life Sciences, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy;2. University of Udine, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy;3. University of Tartu, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Department of Botany, Lai 40, Tartu, 51005, Estonia;4. Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Institute of Botany, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1190, Vienna, Austria;5. University of Tasmania, School of Biological Sciences, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia;1. Institue of Soil, Water, and Environmental Sciences, ARO Volcani Center, Beit Dagan, Israel;2. ARO Gilat Research Center, M.P. Negev, Israel;3. The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel;4. Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;5. Department of Environmental Sciences – Botany, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland |
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| Abstract: | Water stress, with its negative consequences on plant growth and survival, can be mitigated by Azospirillum brasilense inoculation. In tomato, A. brasilense delays wilting caused by a vascular pathogen, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, by yet unknown mechanisms. We studied morphological, anatomical and physiological changes induced by A. brasilense in tomato that relate to water stress tolerance, which could explain the deferral in symptom expression. For this purpose, tomato seeds were treated or not with A. brasilense BNM65, and 5 weeks later plants were challenged with C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis or mock inoculated with water. There was a large growth promotion associated to Azospirillum: treated plants had higher total biomass and leaf area. In relation to water stress tolerance, Azospirillum treated plants had larger xylem vessel area, higher stem specific hydraulic conductivity, thicker stems, and lower shoot/root dry matter and specific leaf area. These changes were opposite to those induced by C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. We conclude that A. brasilense favoured a better adjustment of plant-water relations by several mechanisms, and thus, transitorily alleviated symptoms expression of a vascular disease. |
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| Keywords: | Bacterial canker PGPB Water stress tolerance |
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