中国菜用大豆的种植制度和品种类型

中国有种植菜用大豆的悠久历史。近10几年来，中国逐步成为世界上菜用大豆的主要出口国。中国菜用大豆有单作、单套作和田埂豆等种植形式，种植制度相当复杂。春毛豆是中国菜用大豆的主要生态类型，夏、秋毛豆在南方也普遍种植。虽然中国大陆有丰富的大豆种质资源，但生产上所用的菜用大豆品种大部分是从日本和台湾省引进的。目前急需抗病性强的春毛豆和品质优良的夏、秋毛豆品种。文中还介绍了中国菜用大豆的生产情况，并分析了发展前景。

FARMING SYSTEMS AND ECOTYPES OF VEGETABLE SOYBEANS IN CHINA

China has a long history of vegetable soybean cultivation. In the past two decades, China became a leading exporter of vegetable soybean products in the world. Vegetable soybeans are cultivated in single cropping, intercropping and on the dikes of rice paddies. Farming systems of vegetable soybean production in China are quite complicated. Spring-sown type is the main ecotype of vegetable soybeans in China and the summer- and autumn-sown types are also popular in the South. Although Chinese mainland is rich in soybean germplasm, the major vegetable soybean varieties in production were introduced from Japan and Taiwan Province in recent years. The disease-resistant early varieties and elite late varieties are thirstily needed for the further development of vegetable soybeans. The current status and prospect of vegetable soybean production in China are also discussed in this review.