有机肥施用种类和时间对烤烟生长发育和品质的影响

为研究不同种类有机肥及其施用时间对烤烟生长发育和品质的影响,以烤烟品种K326为材料,以移栽当天单施无机肥为对照(CK),研究了不同时间配施发酵秸秆、发酵牛粪和油枯对烤烟生长发育和品质的影响。结果表明,移栽前1个月分别施发酵牛粪和发酵秸秆的2个处理烟株前期生长势显著提升,团棵期两处理烟株的株高、有效叶数分别比CK显著提高11.26%和8.32%、7.34%和5.76%;配施有机肥对大田生育期烟株光合特性影响不大;移栽前1个月分别施用发酵秸秆和油枯的处理烟叶的产量和产值增加,产量分别较CK提高4.12%和4.09%,产值分别提高6.30%和4.44%;配施发酵牛粪、秸秆和油枯均可降低烟叶烟碱含量、提高烟叶钾含量、提升烟叶的香气质和香气量、降低烟叶刺激性,有利于提高烟叶的感官质量。总体而言,配施有机肥可提高烟叶感官质量,尤其以移栽前1个月分别配施发酵秸秆和油枯效果最佳,能获得最大的经济效益和较好的烟叶品质,值得大面积推广。

Effects of Organic Manure Kind and Application Time on Growth and Quality of Tobacco

The effects of different kinds of organic manure(fermented wheat straw,fermented cow manure and rapeseed) and different application time on the growth and quality of tobacco were studied with single application of chemical fertilizers as CK and the variety K326 as tested material.The results showed that compared with CK,application of fermented cow manure and fermented wheat straw one month before transpalntation promoted tobacco plant growth in the prohase stage.The plant height and number of effective leaves increased by 11.26% and 8.32%,7.34% and 5.76% in rosette stage.Application of fermented wheat straw and rapeseed one month before transpalntation increased the yield(4.12% and 4.09%) and production value(6.30% and 4.44%) of the flue-cured tobacco compared with CK.Moreover,there were an increase of potassium,quality and quantity of aroma and a decrease of nicotine and irritancy of cutters to improve smoking quality of tobacco leaves by extra additon of dairy manure,cornstalk or oil cake.In general,the sensory quality increased at different degrees compared with CK,especially by the supplementary application of cornstalk or oil cake one month before transplantation to achieve the good quality and maximum economic benefit.It is suggested that the fertilization technology be applied to tobacco on a large scale.