中华绒螯蟹多倍体的诱导研究I.细胞松驰素B诱导中华绒螯蟹三倍体和四倍体胚胎

采用细胞松驰素Ｂ（Ｃ．Ｂ）处理法，研究了诱导中华绒螯蟹（Ｅｒｉｏｃｈｅｉｒｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）三倍体、四倍体的可能性和处理条件。实验所用Ｃ．Ｂ浓度为０．５～２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ，处理的起始时间分别在受精后１０～２５ｍｉｎ（诱导三倍体）和８．５～９．８ｈ（诱导四倍体），处理的持续时间为１０～２５ｍｉｎ。三倍体的适宜诱导条件为卵子在受精后１５ｍｉｎ，浓度为１．５ｍｇ／Ｌ的Ｃ．Ｂ溶液处理１８ｍｉｎ。三倍体诱导率最高可达５８．１８％。根据诱导三倍体的适宜Ｃ．Ｂ处理浓度和处理时间，用１．５ｍｇ／ＬＣ．Ｂ溶液处理卵子１８ｍｉｎ，获得了２９．４６％～５７．８９％的四倍体胚胎。另外，还对中华绒螯蟹三倍体、四倍体胚胎的诱导技术、诱导参数对胚胎发育的影响等有关问题进行了分析讨论

STUDIES ON THE POLYPLOID INDUCTION IN THE CHINESE MITTEN-HANDED CRAB, ERIOCHEIR SINENSIS, I. INDUCTION OF TRIPLOIDY AND TETRAPLOIDY EMBRYOS IN ERIOCHEIR SINENSIS BY CYTOCHALASIN B

Induct ion of t riploidy and tet raploidy in the Chinese mitten-handed crab, Er iochei r sinensis, w as successfully carried out for the f irst time by administration of cytochalasin B( C. B) t reatment to zygotes from January to April in 1992 and January to May in 1993 in Shanghai. Result s of studies shows that the C. B treatment w as feasible for this species in chromosome manipulat ion. In t reatment w ith 0. 5~ 2. 0 mg/ L C. B, begun at 10~ 20 min after insemination and t reatment s last ing 10~ 20mm, the proport ion of t riploid embryo, as judged from chromosome counts, varied between 14. 29% and 58. 18% in this ex periment . Follow ing the results of t riploidy induct ion, tetraploids w ere also produced by treatments for 18 min w ith 1. 5 mg/ L C. B prior to the f irst cleavage. The optimum C. B treatment for inducing tetraploidy appeared to be 9. 2 and 9. 5 h pos-t fert ilizat ion at 20 e , which yielded 56. 94% and 57. 89% tetraploids respectively. The results of observat ion and analysis of the effect of C. B t reatment on the ex tent of embryo development w ere also discussed in this paper. Sterile t riploids could potentially cont inue to moult and grow af ter reaching the mature age of the diploid crab. The successful induction of chromosome polyploidy in the crab has g reat scient if ic significance in conservation and mordern breeding programs in this species.