氯甲基吡啶对滴灌棉花生物量、氮素吸收及氮肥利用率的影响

在田间滴灌条件下,采用单因素随机区组设计,设置CK(不施氮肥)、Urea(尿素)和Urea+Nitrapyrin(尿素+氯甲基吡啶)3个处理,重复4次,分别于2012和2013年研究了尿素添加硝化抑制剂氯甲基吡啶(Nitrapyrin)对棉花生物量、氮素吸收及氮肥利用率的影响。2年试验结果表明,尿素添加氯甲基吡啶随水滴施能增加棉株的生物量、吸氮量及产量,使植株地上部分的生物量和吸氮量较单施尿素分别提高4.1%~5.1%、4.3%~4.4%,皮棉产量提高4.1%~4.4%;其中,茎、叶、蕾花铃的生物量较单施尿素分别增加2.7%~4.5%、14.9%~16.2%和2.5%~3.9%,吸氮量则分别提高0.4%~1.1%、12.2%~16.3%以及2.9%~3.4%;氯甲基吡啶的添加能提高棉田氮肥利用率11.5%~12.5%。研究结果可为应用硝化抑制剂氯甲基吡啶促进滴灌农田氮肥高效利用提供理论依据。

Effect of Nitrapyrin on Biomass,Nitrogen Uptake and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Drip-irrigated Cotton Plants

A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of nitrapyrin on biomass, nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in cotton plants under drip irrigation conditions using a one-factor randomized block in 2012 and 2013. Three treatments were given as follows: CK (no nitrogen input), urea (225 kg·hm^－2 nitrogen input) and urea + nitrapyrin (225 kg·hm^－2 nitrogen and 2.25 kg·hm^－2 nitrapyrin input). The results in both years showed that the biomass, nitrogen uptake and yield of cotton plants were increased when urea and nitrapyrin were applied under irrigation conditions. In the urea + nitrapyrin treatment, the biomass and nitrogen uptake of aboveground cotton organs increased by 4.1%-5.1% and 4.3%-4.4%, respectively, and the lint yield increased by 4.1%-4.4% compared with the urea treatment. The biomass of the stems, leaves, and buds-flowers-bolls increased by 2.7%-4.5%, 14.9%-16.2% and 2.5%-3.9%, and the nitrogen uptake increased by 0.4%-1.1%, 12.2%-16.3% and 2.9%-3.4%, respectively. The NUE was significantly improved by 11.5%-12.5% after nitrapyrin was added. The results will provide theoretical basis for high nitrogen fertilizer utilization in drip-irrigated cropland by application of nitrapyrin.