| 农业景观异质性对生物多样性及其
生态系统服务的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 宋 博,丁圣彦,赵 爽,李子晗,侯笑云.农业景观异质性对生物多样性及其
生态系统服务的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(4):443-450. |
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| 作者姓名： | 宋 博 丁圣彦 赵 爽 李子晗 侯笑云 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 教育部黄河中下游数字地理技术重点实验室 开封475004; 河南大学环境与规划学院 开封 475004;2. 河南大学环境与规划学院 开封 475004 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(41371195, 41071118)资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 农业景观中生物多样性具有特殊重要的意义,本文首先综述了农业景观异质性的组成和特征。农业景观的异质性不仅包括空间组成和构型异质性以及时间异质性,更应包括基于物种或功能类群认识的农业景观功能异质性,这对于讨论景观异质性与生物多样性的关系十分关键。纵览景观空间异质性和时间异质性对生物多样性的多尺度影响发现,很多研究证实非农生境对于维持农业景观中生物多样性十分必要,由非农生境斑块和农田基质组成异质性较高的农业景观往往促进生物多样性,不同生物类群对景观异质性的响应尺度不同。景观结构和种间作用的复合影响是异质性农业景观维持生物多样性的机制。景观异质性通过生物多样性的组成和分布进而影响其提供的生物控制、授粉和物质循环等生态系统服务。结合黄河中下游平原农业景观异质性特征及其对生物多样性影响系列研究结果,在联产承包责任制下小田块管理的农业景观中,未来相关研究应基于功能景观的时空异质性深入讨论农业景观对生物多样性及其生态系统服务的影响机制,为可持续农业景观的构建提供科学依据。
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| 关 键 词： | 农业景观 景观异质性 生物多样性 生态系统服务 黄河中下游 |
| 收稿时间： | 2015/12/31 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 1/6/2016 12:00:00 AM |
Effects of agricultural landscape heterogeneity on biodiversity
and ecosystem services |
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| SONG Bo,DING Shengyan,ZHAO Shuang,LI Zihan and HOU Xiaoyun.Effects of agricultural landscape heterogeneity on biodiversity
and ecosystem services[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2016,24(4):443-450. |
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| Authors: | SONG Bo DING Shengyan ZHAO Shuang LI Zihan and HOU Xiaoyun |
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| Institution: | 1. Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China 2. College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China,1. Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China 2. College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China,College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China,College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China and College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China |
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| Abstract: | Itisundoubtedthatbiodiversityandits’ecosystemserviceshavesignificantimportanceforagriculturallandscape.The semi-natural habitats are the indispensable covers in agro-landscape, which maintain higher biodiversity becausetheyproviderefuge,foods,breedingplace.Tomeetthedemandsofagrowinghumanpopulation,agriculturalsystemshavebeenenlargedbyalteringnon-phabitatsareatocroplandandproducedmorecropsperunitarea,thedisturbancetoecosystemintensified inducing decreasing of biodiversity. Keeping high biodiversity in agricultural landscape is significantforsustainabledevelopmentofagriculture.Inthispaper,compositionandcharacteristicsofagriculturallandscapeheterogeneitywere reviewed and its effects on biodiversity and ecological service discussed. Landscape heterogeneity includedcompositional heterogeneity, configurational heterogeneity, as well as temporal heterogeneity and functional heterogeneity.Mostevidencesshowedthathigherheterogeneityofagro-landscapeaffectedpositivelyonbiodiversity.Thetemporaldynamics(historical,short-termandseasonalchangeoflandscape)oflandscapecontextmayhelpimprovingunderstandingabouttheinteraction between landscape structure and biodiversity in agro-landscape. Scale effect of landscape heterogeneity onbiodiversity existed and is a core content of landscape ecology. Multi-scale effects of spatial and temporal landscapeheterogeneityonnon-agriculturalbiodiversityweresignificant.Thebiodiversityofplants,groundarthropod,andsoilfaunawererelatedtolandscapeheterogeneityindifferentradiusbufferarea.Theresponsesofdifferentnon-agriculturalbiologicalgroupsweredifferentbecausethelandscapecontextandbiologicalcharacteristics.Themechanismsoflandscapeheterogeneitymaintainingbiodiversitywasalsosummarized.Thecombinationofplantdispersalmodes(e.g.wind,animals,vegetative)or/animalsmigrationmodes(e.g.crawling,jumping,flying)andlandscapestructure(e.g.connectivityofsemi-naturalhabitat,presenceofdensenon-crophabitats)determinedhowfarplantandanimalspeciescouldmovethroughthelandscapetoreachsuitablepatches.Influencesoflandscapeheterogeneityonbio-control,pollination,andmaterialcyclethatprovidedbynaturalenemy,flowervisitorsandsoilfaunawereoverviewedtoo.Moreandmorestudieshadshownlandscapeheterogeneityandagricultural managements were important driving factors of plant, animal, and microorganisms, and furthermore impactedecosystemservices,suchasnutrientrecycle,wateradjustment,pestbiocontrol,etc.Basedontheresultsofaseriesstudyofeffects of agricultural landscape heterogeneity on non-agricultural biodiversity in the middle and lower area of the YellowRiver, the development and perspective of landscape heterogeneity and biodiversity were summarized.The further studiesshouldfocusonrelationshipsbetweenagro-landscapecontextandbiodiversityanditsmechanismsbasedonspato-temporalheterogeneityoflandscape. |
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| Keywords: | Agricultural landscape Landscape heterogeneity Biodiversity Ecosystem services The middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River |
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