两种灌水量对冬小麦农艺性状及产量的影响

【目的】发掘冬小麦品种抗旱种质资源，在两种灌水处理条件下，田间筛选小麦抗旱资源，拓宽新疆冬小麦抗旱遗传育种选择范围。【方法】以4份新疆、16份黄淮麦区冬小麦品种（系）为材料，分别在5次灌水和3次灌水处理条件下，对小麦单株成穗数、株高、穗长、穗基部不育、穗顶部不育、小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、产量等9个农艺性状和产量指标进行分析。【结果】两种处理下，20份材料的9个农艺性状总体差异较大，5次灌溉处理下大部分性状的均值高于3次灌溉处理；各个性状的变异系数差异较大；各性状抗旱系数变化在0.75～1.13；产量差异达到显著水平，两种灌水处理下产量都在前7位之内的有山农15号，烟农23号、新冬20号、新冬22号和新冬18号共5个品种；产量都在后6位之内的有山农12号、泰山22号、石4185号、石新616号和石麦18号共5个品种。【结论】适当增加灌水次数可以增加冬小麦产量。尤其是幼苗分蘖和籽粒灌浆成熟期保持充足的水分，对提高冬小麦产量有促进作用。相对黄淮麦区的冬小麦品种，新疆自育的冬小麦品种表现出较强的抗旱性。

Effects of Two Irrigation on the Agronomic Traits and the Yield of Winter Wheat

Objective]In order to explore winter wheat drought-resistant germplasms in different irriga-tion treatments,the project aims to screen wheat germplasm resources in the filed to widen the range of Xin-jiang winter drought-resistance germplasm resources and breeding.Method]There were 20 kinds of winter wheat,which four from Xinjiang and 16 from Huanghuai area were chosen to investigate 9 characters under 5 irrigation times and 3 irrigation treatments.The nine characters were:number of spikes per plant,plant height,ear length,the sterile of basal spikelet,the sterile of top spikelet,spikelet number,kernels per spike,thousand kernel weight and yield.Result]9 agronomic characters of 20 copies of the material was sig-nificantly different from each other,most of the average of 5 irrigation treatment times were higher than 3 times under this two kinds of irrigation treatment;the variation coefficient of each character was exactly different;Various characters drought-resistant coefficient ranged from 0.75 to 1 .13;Yield difference reached signifi-cant level,which under the condition of two irrigation treatment quantity,production always within the top seven were Shannon 15,Yannong 23,Xindong 20,Xindong 22 and Xindong 18;Production in the post six were Shannong 12,Taishan 22,Shi 4185,Shixin 616 and Shimai 18.Conclusion]Increasing irrigation times can increase winter wheat yields.Especially in the seedling tillering and grain filling stage of grain matu-ration,keeping enough water supply can to improve the winter wheat yield.Compared with Huanghuai winter wheat varieties,winter wheat varieties bred in Xinjiang showed stronger drought resistance.