北半球高卢蜜环菌的遗传多样性与分子鉴定

从北美、欧洲和中国收集２３个高卢密环菌菌株，ＰＣＲ扩增其rDNA的ＩＧＳ和ＩＴＳ区域，用ＡluI,HaeIII,HinfI和ＴagI四种限制性内切酶进行酶切，同时结合随机扩增微卫生（ＲＡＭＳ）多态性，对北半球的高卢蜜环菌的遗传多样性进行了分析，结果发现了高卢蜜环菌的６种ＩＧＳ－ＲＦＬＰ图谱类型，其中gal(B)和gal(D)是国内外无报道的新的ＩＧＳ－ＲＦＬＰ型，ＲＦＬＰ系统树发现该种有明显的大陆之间的遗传分化，存在中国，欧洲，北美和亚洲４个亚群体，ＲＡＭＳ分析表明北半球高卢蜜环菌存在亚洲，欧洲，北美－中国和北美－欧洲和北美－欧洲等４个高卢蜜环菌发育系，而且不同大陆的高卢蜜环菌具有较近的亲缘关系，而相同大陆的却具有不同的起源，特别是北美的高卢蜜环菌两个发育系异源性很高，北美东部的发育系同欧洲的关系比较近，而北西部的同亚洲关系比较近，同时表明ＲＡＭＳ技术是分析菌物种内遗传多样性的优越方法。

GENETIC DIVERSITY AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF NORTHERN HEMISPHERE SPECIES OF ARMILLARIA GALLICA

The IGS of 23 isolates of Armillaria gallica from three continentals of Northern Hemisphere were amplified with primers LR12R and O-1, and digested by Alu Ⅰ , Hae Ⅲ , Hinfl, Tag Ⅰ restriction enzyme, respectively. six RFLP patterns were observed, the patterns of gal(A) and gal(B) were only seen in Chinese isolates, gal(C) was occurred around the northern hemisphere, including USA, Canada, Germany, Poland, Luxembourg and China, gal (D) pattern was seen in a European isolate, gal(E) was only found in American isolates. Based on the parsimony tree of RFLP results, four A. gallica sub-populations were found from these isolates and named the Chinese(CH), European ( EU), North American (NA), and Asian (AS) sub-populations. The Random amplified microsatellites (RAMS) experiments were carried out with primer TCG, CGA, M13, and GAAA, respectively. Based upon the parsimony tree of RAMS results, these isolates were separated into four clades, i. e. the European (EU), Chinese (CH), North American-Chinese (NACH),and North American-European (NA-EU) geographical lineage. Two groups emerged in the NA isolates of A. gallica, and they are more close to EU and CH respective than between. The research suggested that the RAMS are quite effective way for analysis of genetic diversity of fungi.