乌鲁木齐河流域水资源利用对生态环境关系的初步研究

乌鲁木齐河流域是水资源利用程度较高的地区。水资源的开发利用必然对生态环境产生影响,其中包括上游水利工程的实施、地表水利用率的提高,改变了乌河的来水过程,并使下游地表水明显减少,河流的断流导致土地沙化,水库的修筑造成了良好的生态环境,地下水利用的急剧增长使地下水位下降、水质恶化,井灌井排改良了盐碱化土壤,改善了农业生态环境等。

PRELIMINARY RESEARCH ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE UTILIZATION OF WATER RESOURCES AND THE ECOLOGICAL ENVIR叫MENT IN THE URUMQI RIVER BASIN OF XINJIANG

The Urumqi river drainage basin is one of the regions where the use re-sources is comparatively high. The exploitation and utilization of water re-sources have produced numerous environmental changes, which include: Thesurface water decrease in the lower reaches is obviously caused by the con-struction of water resources engineering in the upper reaches and the incre-asing utilization ratio of water resources; the land has been suffering fromdesertification caused by the decrease of discharge in some rivers; the newconstructed reservoirs, indrectly created a favourable environment. As expl-oitation of groundwater increased rapidly, the ground water level declinedand the quality of surface water and ground water deteriorated; well irriga-ation and drainage improve the saline-alkali soil. Rational development and utilization of water resources is a basic measureto prevent the environment from deterioration and protect the ecological en-vironment. When we consider development and utilization of water resources,we must simultaneously consider the economic and ecological benefits. The-refore, we must study the interaction between the developmental processand the environment and manage well environmental water conservancy andthe assessment of any impact on the environment.