社区森林经营的生态可持续性度量

利用参与式方法在浙江临安市3个乡的9个村制定了度量森林经营生态可持续性的标准与指标,并结合专家法确定各指标的阈值和标准与指标的权重,同时利用层次分析法对3个乡的森林经营可持续性进行了评价。该度量体系由生物多样性保护、森林生产力的维持、维持森林的健康、森林经营活动的环境响应4个标准的11个指标组成,在每个指标下面设定验证参数,以利于数据采集和量化。在3个乡的评价结果表明:森林经营生态可持续性的分值在1994年和2002年分别为昌化5 65和5 64,高虹4 68和5 09,临目5 47和6 88。与1994年相比,昌化、高虹和临目在2002年森林生态系统经营的可持续性得分分别增加-0 18%,8 76%,25 78%。12年来临目在森林经营的生态目标上比其它2个乡提高了很多。这3个研究地点的生态可持续性的现实值都大于预先设定的5分,说明目前这3个地点的森林经营状况都是良好的,但离森林可持续经营的理想状态还有较长一段距离。

The Measurement of Ecological Sustainability on Community Forest Management

Based on the participatory approach, the criteria and indicators on the measurement of the ecological sustainability of community forest management were built in 9 villages of 3 townships in Lin'an, Zhejiang of China. Combined with experts' methods, the weights, thresholds and score methods of indicators were also developed and the ecological sustainability on forest management was measured under the hierarchical structure in 3 townships. The assessment system was composed of 11 indicators belonging to the criteria of the conservation of biodiversity, maintenance of forest productivity, maintenance of forest health, and environment response on the forest management. The verifiers under the indicators were established so as to collect and quantify the data. The assessment results showed that ecological sustainability scores in the townships of Changhua, Gaohong and Lin'mu in 1994 and 2002 were 5.65, 5.64, 4.68 and 5.09, 5.47, 6.88 respectively, which increased by -0.18%, 8.76% and 25.78% respectively. Compared with the other 2 townships, the ecological sustainability in Lin'an has increased a lot in the past decade. The score on ecological sustainability in 3 townships in 1994 and 2002 was higher than 5 which was defined as good forest management before testing, which showed the forest management in Lin'an is in the state of good condition, but there is a long to get the ideal condition towards sustainable forest management.