云南大叶种茶树籽油的特征指标与脂肪酸组成研究

采用化学滴定及气相色谱等手段,对产自云南普洱的5个大叶种茶树籽油及8个常见食用植物油的特征指标（折光指数、相对密度、碘值、皂化值）和脂肪酸组成进行了对比研究。结果表明,5个大叶种茶树籽油折光指数为1.462 9~1.463 4;相对密度为0.914 8~0.916 7;碘值为859~903 g·kg^-1;皂化值为189.0~193.2 g·kg^-1;棕榈酸含量为14.29%~15.75%;油酸含量为57.83%~61.41%;亚油酸含量为18.81%~23.11%;饱和脂肪酸含量为17.6%~19.8%;不饱和脂肪酸含量为80.2%~82.4%。大叶种茶树籽油的脂肪酸组成与油茶籽油、橄榄油较为接近,饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸的比例接近1∶3∶1,脂肪酸的组成比例较为均衡,极具研发及推广价值。

Study of Characteristic Indexes and Fatty Acid Composition in Big-leaf Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis var. assamica) Seed Oils from Yunnan Province

The characteristic parameters (refractive index, relative density, iodine value, saponification value) and fatty acid composition in five big-leaf tea plant (Camellia sinensis var. assamica) seed oils from Yunnan Province and other eight common edible vegetable oils were analyzed by chemical titration and gas chromatography (GC). The results show that the refractive index of the five big-leaf tea plant (Camellia sinensis var. assamica) seed oils ranged from 1.462 9-1.463 4. The relative density ranged from 0.914 8~0.916 7, iodine value was 859-903 g·kg^-1, saponification value was 189.0-193.2 g·kg^-1 palmitic acid contents were 14.29%-15.75%, oleic acid contents were 57.83%-61.41%, linoleic acid contents were 18.81%-23.11%. The saturated fatty acid contents ranged from 17.6% to 19.8%. Unsaturated fatty acid contents were 80.2%-82.4%. Overall, the fatty acid composition of big-leaf tea plant (Camellia sinensis var. assamica) seed oil was similar as the Camellia oleifera seed oil and olive oil. The ratio of saturated fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid was about 1∶3∶1. Big-leaf tea plant (Camellia sinensis var. assamica) seed oil has the potential value for research, development and promotion.