达里诺尔自然保护区近30年湿地动态变化及其影响因素分析

以近30a的LandSat影像为数据源,以达里诺尔自然保护区内的达里诺尔湖、岗更湖以及周围面积较大的沼泽湿地为研究对象,利用RS与GIS技术结合野外调查研究,采用人机交互的方法提取研究区内湖泊湿地及沼泽湿地,并对其动态变化进行分析。分别从气候因素与人为因素两个角度分析研究区内湖泊湿地和沼泽湿地变化的原因。结果表明:1)达里诺尔湖泊面积总体呈现减少的趋势,岗更湖面积总体呈现增加的趋势,沼泽湿地面积总体呈现减少趋势,变化不明显。达里诺尔湖与岗更湖的边界变得圆滑,达里诺尔湖东部萎缩较为严重。2)研究区内年平均降水与气温波动明显,年平均降水量呈下降的趋势,年平均气温呈上升趋势。3)降水量与湖泊湿地及沼泽湿地面积变化之间基本呈正相关关系。气温与湖泊湿地及沼泽湿地面积变化之间基本呈负相关关系。4)人为因素中,旅游接待人次、旅游收入、水产品产量与达里诺尔湖泊面积呈负相关,人口数量、年度牲畜存栏与达里诺尔湖泊面积相关性不显著,即旅游业的发展及渔业的养殖与捕捞是造成湖泊湿地面积减少的主要因素,畜牧业和人口数量的增加对湖泊及湿地的影响不大。

Analysis of Dynamic Changes and Influencing Factors of Wetland in Dalinur Nature Reserve in Recent 30 Years

With nearly 30 years of LandSat images as data sources,taking Dalinur Lake,Ganggan Lake and the surrounding wetlands in the Dalinur Nature Reserve as research objects,combining field research with RS and GIS technology,extracting lake wetlands and marsh wetlands in the study area by visual interpretation and analyzing the dynamic changes,the causes of changes in lake wetlands and marsh wetlands area in the study area were examined from the perspectives of climate and human factors.Conclusions were as followings:1)the area of the Dalinur Lake was generally decreasing.The area of the Ganggan Lake was generally increasing.The changes of marsh wetlands were not obvious.The border of the Dalinur Lake and the Ganggan Lake had become smooth,and the eastern part of the Lake Dalinul had shrunk more seriously.2)The annual average precipitation and temperature fluctuations in the study area were obvious,the annual average precipitation was decreasing,and the annual average temperature was on the rise.3)There was a positive correlation between precipitation and lake wetlands and marsh wetlands.There was a negative correlation between temperature and the changes of the lake wetlands and marsh wetlands.4)In human factors,tourist reception,tourism income,aquatic product output had negative correlations with the Dalinur Lake s area.Population,annual livestock inventory had no correlation with Dalinur Lake s area.The developments of tourism and fishing were the main factors which contributed to the reduction of lake wetland area.The animal husbandry and population had little effect on lakes and wetlands.