沿巢湖流域坡岗地地区水稻高效施肥技术研究

目的]研究建立沿巢湖流域坡岗地地区水稻高效施肥技术。方法]试验共设5个施肥处理：空白无肥处理（CK）；农民习惯施肥处理；平衡施肥-1处理；平衡施肥-2处理；平衡施肥-1＋油莱秸秆（3000kg／hm^2）处理。其中，CK为不施肥；农民习惯施肥处理的氮磷钾施肥量为N：P2O5：K2O=180kg／hm。：75kg／hm^2：0，全部肥料作基肥，不追肥；平衡施肥-1处理氮磷钾肥用量为N：P2O5：K2O=180kg／hm^2：60kg／hm^2：90kg／hm^2，氮肥按基肥：分蘖肥：穗肥为50％：30％：20％分3次施用；平衡施肥-2处理氮磷钾施肥量同平衡施肥-1，但氮肥按基肥：分蘖肥：穗肥为40％：30％：30％分3次施用；油菜秸秆（有机肥）作基肥，所有施肥处理磷、钾肥全部作基肥施用。结果]总体上，不同施肥处理均可以提高水稻生物积累量，增加有效穗数和每穗实粒数，从而提高水稻产量。结论]氮、磷、钾肥配比不合理，氮肥运筹方法不当，仍是目前沿巢湖流域坡岗地地区水稻产量和氮肥利用效率较低的主要原因，在氮肥的施用上，增加分蘖肥和穗肥的比例，同时增加钾肥的施用量，能够使水稻营养生长和生殖生长均衡发展，增加每穗实粒数、千粒重，从而提高水稻产量和氮素回收率，减轻氮肥流失引起的面源污染。

Study on High Efficiency Fertilization Techniques of Rice in Slope Land Area near Chaohu Lake Basin

Objective] The research aimed to study and establish the high efficiency fertilization techniques of rice slope land area near Chaohu Lake Basin. Method] 5 treatments were designed, including control(CK), farmer conventional fertilization, balanced fertilization-1, balanced fertilization-2 and balanced fertilization-1+ cole stalk 3 000 kg/hm~2. Thereinto, CK was no fertilization. The N:P_2O_5:K_2O of farmer conventional fertilization treatment was 180 kg/hm~2:75 kg/hm~2:0, and the total fertilizer was made as basal fertilizer. The N:P_2O_5:K_2O of balanced fertilization-1 treatment was 180 kg/hm~2:60 kg/hm~2:90 kg/hm~2, and N fertilizer ratio of basal fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and panicle fertilizer was 50%:30%:20%. The N:P_2O_5:K_2O of balanced fertilization-2 treatment was the same as balanced fertilization-1, but N fertilizer ratio of basal fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and panicle fertilizer was 40%:30%:30%. The cole stalk, P_2O_5 fertilizer and K_2O fertilizer were all made as basal fertilizer. Result] The results showed that different fertilizer treatments could all increase the biology accumulation capacity, the availability spike number and the grain number per spike of rice, then improve rice yield in general. Conclusion] The unreasonable application of N, P_2O_5 and K_2O fertilizer and the inappropriate application of N fertilizer are also the key reasons that the rice yield and the N fertilizer utilization efficiency were low in slope land area near Chaohu Lake Basin. Increasing the N fertilizer ratio of tillering stage and panicle stage and the application quantity of K_2O fertilizer can make the appropriate development of nutrition growth and procreation growth, increase the grain number per spike and 1 000-grain weight, then increase rice yield and N fertilizer utilization efficiency, and lighten non-point pollution caused by N fertilizer loss.