竹木屑主基质配比菌棒对香菇出菇效率及品质的影响

本文以香菇为试验对象,通过分析竹屑与杂木屑主基质配比菌棒与传统基质菌棒污染率、出菇产量、营养成分和产出效益的差异,筛选出香菇菌棒的最佳竹屑与杂木屑主基质配比(以下简称竹木基质菌棒),系统揭示竹加工剩余物在食用菌栽培利用中的可行性,旨在为竹材资源高效利用提供新的途径。结果表明:3种竹木基质菌棒总污染率显著高于对照(P=0.034<0.05),培养菌丝阶段的菌棒污染率高于排气阶段菌棒污染率;3种竹屑与杂木屑主基质配比菌棒的出菇产量低于对照,菇潮集中于前2潮,3种竹基质菌棒以处理B(45%∶45%)出菇总量最高;对4种营养成分分析表明,除总糖外,3种竹木基质菌棒培育的香菇粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维含量均高于对照,4种主要营养成分总含量以处理B(45%∶45%)菌棒最高,达到76.97%,显著高于其它2种竹木基质菌棒和对照(P=0.012<0.05)。本研究表明:竹木基质菌棒虽然污染率相对较高,但竹屑含量45%以下的竹木基质菌棒出菇产量与传统菌棒无差异,且菇体营养品质更优、效益更高。因此,竹屑与杂木屑组成的主基质菌棒可用于香菇培养,且竹屑基质含量以不超过45%为宜。

Effect of matrix with various ratios of bamboo and sawdust on the fruiting efficiency and quality of Lentinus edodes

Lentinus edodes(Berk.)Pegler was taken as the object in this paper,and analyzed the contaminative ratio of L.edodes fungus sticks,yield,nutritional components and output benefits of mushroom-stick with different ratios of bamboo and sawdust substrates.The optimum ratio of bamboo and sawdust substrate for mushroom-sticks(hereinafter referred as to“bamboo-sawdust substrate mushroom-sticks”)was selected,exploring the feasibility of bamboo processing residues in edible mushroom cultivation,in order to provide the new way for efficient utilization of bamboo wood resource.The total infection rate of bamboo-sawdust substrate mushroom-sticks were significantly higher than that of the contrast(P=0.034<0.05),and there was a significant difference in the infecting ratio of mushroom-sticks among bamboo-sawdust treatments(P=0.046<0.05),which at mycelium stage was higher than at exhaust stage.Meanwhile,the mushroom productions of bamboo-sawdust substrate mushroom-sticks were lower than contrast,and the mushroom tides occurred at the first two stages,treatment B(45%∶45%)had highest mushroom yield.According to analysis four kinds of nutrients,except of total sugar,crude protein,crude fat,and crude fiber content of the other three kinds of bamboo-sawdust substrates mushroom-stick were higher than the contrast.The total content of the four major nutrient components of treatment B(45%∶45%)was the highest as 76.97%,which was significantly higher than other treatments and contrast(P=0.012<0.05).Although the infecting ratios of L.edode produced by bamboo-sawdust substrate mushroom-sticks were relatively higher,the mushroom productions from bamboo-sawdust substrate mushroom-sticks with bamboo sawdust content lower than 45% was similiar with those from traditional mushroom-sticks,and had a higher quality in nutrient components and a higher profitable value.Therefore,the feasibility of main matrix combining bamboo-sawdust in L.edode production with bamboo sawdust content lower than 45% was suggested.