鲶鱼内脏鱼油的提取工艺研究

本文探讨了鲶鱼内脏中提取鱼油的工艺条件。以鱼油的感官质量和提取率为观察指标,以几种常用有机溶剂为提取剂,以中性蛋白酶为水解酶,通过单因素和正交试验确定提取溶剂的种类和酶解工艺参数。结果表明:提取剂以正己烷-异丙醇(3︰2)最好;提取的工艺条件为:先以中性蛋白酶进行酶解,设定料液比为1︰6,加酶量为1 400 u/g,酶解温度为45℃,酶解时间为2 h;经过滤后,按料液比1︰5加入正己烷-异丙醇(3︰2),振荡萃取25 min。在此条件下,鱼油的提取率为25.3%,产品为淡黄色、澄清透亮的液体;经测定,鱼油的酸价(mg KOH/g)、过氧化值(g/100 g)、碘价(g I2/100 g)分别为3.88、0.067 1、127.4。所以,采用有机溶剂和中性蛋白酶处理相结合对鱼油进行提取,鱼油的感官质量好,提取率高。

Study on Extraction Process of Fish Oil from Catfish's Internal Organs

The extraction technology of fish oil from catfish＇s internal organs was researched. With sensory quality and extraction rate as the observed indexes, the fish oil was extracted by organic solvents and neutral protease. The solvents and parameters of enzymolysis were optimized through single factor and orthogonal experiment. The experiments show that the optimum extracting agent was hexane-isopropanol （3 ： 2） . The optimum extraction technology was as follows： enzymolysis with neutral protease, ratio of sample to solution 1 ： 6, concentration of enzyme 1 400 u/g, enzymolysis temperature of 45℃, enzymolysis time of 2 h, extracting 25 rain with hexane-isopropanol （ratio of sample to solution 1 ： 5） after filter. Under this condition, the highest extraction rate was 25.3%, and the fish oil showed light yellow and clarification. The parameters of fish oil were as follows： acid value 3.88 mg KOH/g, peroxide value 0.067 1 g/100 g, iodine value 127.4 g I2/100 g. The extraction method of organic solvents and neutral protease could increase the extraction rate and sensory quality.