枸杞混倍体中草药饲草型新品种天精1号选育研究

为获得枸杞混倍体中草药饲草型新品种,用秋水仙素(C₂₂H₂₅O₆N)和二甲基亚砜(DMSO)混合水溶液处理枸杞种子,进行不同处理时间与不同培养温度的试验。结果表明,培养温度为15～16℃时,用0.05%秋水仙素和2%DMSO混合水溶液间歇处理昌选1号枸杞种子48 h,植株成活率和诱导率均最高,分别为54.0%和8.5%。对处理后代进行形态学和细胞学观察比较,发现突变体根尖中具有48条染色体的细胞占53.3%,具有24条染色体的细胞占35.1%,还有少量细胞具有22,19,12等染色体数,为混倍体。选育出的混倍体新品种天精1号染色体倍性优势强大,表现为植株高大,茎秆粗壮,嫩茎梢延长,叶面积增大,结实率低,营养生长旺盛,比对照品种宁杞菜1号增产102.8%;粗蛋白质、总氨基酸、枸杞多糖、黄酮等含量高于对照品种,因此,该品种具有重要的中草药饲草开发价值。

Breeding of a new variety(Tianjing No.1) of Chinese herbal medicine-type forage grass mixoploid Lycium barbarum

To develop a new variety of Chinese herbal medicine mixoploid,the seeds of diploid Lycium barbarum var.Changxuan No.1 were treated with a mixture of colchicine(C22H25O6N) and DMSO at a range of temperatures for different times.The ideal inducing condition was for seeds treated intermittently with a solution of 0.05% colchicine and 2% DMSO for 48 hours at a culture temperature of 15-16℃.The rates of survival and of induced plants were 54.0% and 8.5%,respectively.Morphological and cytological observation showed that induced mutations were mixoploids with 53.3% 2n=2x=48,35.1% 2n=4x=24 and other chromosome numbers of 22,19,and 12 cells.A new mixoploid feeding L.barbarum cultivar Tianjing No.1 was successfully selected and bred.Compared with its diploid L.barbarum Changxuan No.1,Tianjing No.1 possesses taller plants,thicker and stronger stems,longer tender branches,larger leaf area,low selfing setting percentage,and thriving vegetative growth.Its forage was 102.8% higher than that of the check variety Ningqicai No.1.In addition,its crude protein,amino acid,LBP(L.barbarum polysaccharide) and flavone contents were higher than those of the check variety.So Tianjing No.1 has broad development prospects for Chinese herbal medicine-type forage grass.