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Indices of landscape pattern |
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| Authors: | R V O'Neill J R Krummel R H Gardner G Sugihara B Jackson D L DeAngelis B T Milne M G Turner B Zygmunt S W Christensen V H Dale R L Graham |
| Institution: | (1) Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 37831 Oak Ridge, TN, USA;(2) Argonne National Laboratory, 60439 Argonne, Illinois, USA;(3) Scripps Oceanographic Institution, University of San Diego, 92093 La Jolla, CA, USA;(4) Computer and Telecommunications Division, Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc., 37831 Oak Ridge, TN, USA;(5) Biology Department, University of New Mexico, 87131 Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA |
| Abstract: | Landscape ecology deals with the patterning of ecosystems in space. Methods are needed to quantify aspects of spatial pattern that can be correlated with ecological processes. The present paper develops three indices of pattern derived from information theory and fractal geometry. Using digitized maps, the indices are calculated for 94 quadrangles covering most of the eastern United States. The indices are shown to be reasonably independent of each other and to capture major features of landscape pattern. One of the indices, the fractal dimension, is shown to be correlated with the degree of human manipulation of the landscape. |
| Keywords: | index dominance contagion fractal |
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