Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium in manure-amended soils studied in outdoor lysimeters |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chemistry, Environment and Feed Hygiene, National Veterinary Institute, SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden;2. Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden;3. Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, SLU, Uppsala, Sweden;4. Department of Crop Production Ecology, SLU, Uppsala, Sweden;1. Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;2. The Water Research Institute, University of Barcelona, C/ Montalegre 6, 08001 Barcelona, Spain;3. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Barcelona, C/ Martí i Franquès 1, 6th Floor, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;4. Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;1. Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States;2. Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States;3. Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4458, United States;1. School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia;2. South Australian Research and Development Institute, Glenside, South Australia, Australia;3. Mackinnon Project, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia;1. Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States;2. Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States;3. USDA-ARS Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Unit, University Park, PA, United States;4. Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States;5. USDA-ARS US Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, AZ, United States;6. Department of Agricultural Economics, Sociology, and Education, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States |
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| Abstract: | The inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (CCUG 44857) and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium was investigated in two agricultural soils (sandy loam and silty clay) amended with poultry manure, cattle manure slurry or human urine. The study was performed in soil lysimeters placed outdoors, and was repeated over two consecutive years. The amendments, inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium, were mixed with soil on the top of the lysimeters. Samples were collected from the top 5-cm layer of each lysimeter at regular intervals, and the inactivation was monitored over 6 months, by the plate spread method and by enrichment. The inactivation was modelled by fitting a non-linear model to the data, and pathogen reduction times were calculated (90 and 99% reduction). The results showed that the inactivation of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium varied depending on the manure type used and its carbon content. The longest inactivation time occurred in samples amended with poultry manure, in which both E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium were detected up to day 90 with the spread plate method. The most rapid inactivation for both pathogens occurred in soil amended with urine. However, low amounts of culturable E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium were detected by enrichment throughout the study period (180 days), regardless of manure type. |
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