三个广东地方鹅种的DNA条形码研究

为开发能有效鉴定广东地方鹅（Ａｎｓｅｒｃｙｇｎｏｉｄｅｓｄｏｍｅｓｔｉｃｕｓ）种的分子技术，通过线粒体细胞色素Ｃ氧化酶亚基Ⅰ（ＣＯＩ）基因序列特征识别，研究了ＤＮＡ条形码在马岗鹅、狮头鹅和乌鬃鹅识别和鉴定中的可行性．结果显示，所选ＣＯＩ基因序列有１５个变异位点，共７个单倍型，乌鬃鹅、马岗鹅和狮头鹅的单倍型多样度分别为０.７３３３、０.３１０４和０.０６９０，核苷酸多样度（Ｐｉ）分别为０.００２９２、０.０００５５和０.０００１１．种内平均遗传距离为０～０.００３０，种间平均遗传距离为０～０.０２２，种间遗传距离明显大于种内遗传距离．３个鹅种的进化树表现为马岗鹅与狮头鹅相互混淆，而乌鬃鹅单独聚为一类．结果表明，获得ＤＮＡ条形码可从分子水平识别乌鬃鹅．

Study on DNA barcoding of three indigenous goose breeds in Guangdong

In order to develop an effective molecular technique for identification of Guangdong local goose( Anser cygnoides domesticus) species，the feasibility of DNA barcodes in identification of magang，shitouand wuzong geese was studied by identifying sequence characteristics of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxi-dase subunit I ( COI) gene． The results showed that there were 15 polymophic sites and 7 haplotypes inCOI gene fragment． The haplotype diversity was 0. 733 3，0. 310 4 and 0. 069 0，respectively; The nu-cleotide diversity ( Pi) was 0. 002 92，0. 000 55 and 0. 000 11 in Wuzong，Magang and Shitou，respec-tively． The average genetic distance within the species was 0 －0. 003 0; the average genetic distance be-tween species was 0 －0. 022． The average genetic distance of interspecific was significantly greater thanthat of intraspecific． The phylogenetic tree of the breeds showed that Magang and Shitou confused，butWuzong goose was clustered alone． The results showed that the obtained DNA barcodes could be used toidentify wuzong goose at molecular level．