滇南冬播亚麻氮磷钾肥料效应研究

为探讨滇南地区冬播亚麻氮、磷、钾合理施用技术，采用“3414”试验方案，在云南省勐海县进行田间试验，对冬播亚麻主要经济性状、原茎产量与氮、磷、钾施用量的效应关系进行了研究。结果表明：合理施用氮、磷、钾肥能有效改善纤维用亚麻的株高、工艺长度、茎粗、每蒴果种子粒数、千粒重等主要经济性状，显著提高亚麻原茎产量和种子产量；3种肥料对亚麻原茎产量和种子产量的提升效应氮肥最大，磷肥次之，钾肥最低；根据氮、磷、钾施用量与原茎产量的三元二次肥料效应典型模型分析，在勐海县试点地区冬季栽培亚麻原茎最佳产量为7605 kg/hm2，相应的氮、磷、钾肥最佳施用量分别为纯氮272.86 kg/hm2、五氧化二磷77.48 kg/hm2、氧化钾128.67 kg/hm2，平衡施肥的养分配比为1.00:0.28:0.47。

Effect of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizers on Winter Sowing Flax in Southern Yunnan

To explore the suitable nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization on winter sowing flax in southern Yunnan, a field experiment was carried out with“3414”test scheme in Menghai County, Yunnan Province to study the relations between the main economic characters, straw yield and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer rates. The results showed that the reasonable use of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer could improve the main economic characters such as plant height, technical length, stem diameter, grains per capsule and thousand kernel weight of fiber flax, significantly increased straw yield and seed yield. The positive effect of nitrogen on straw yield and seed yield was the largest, followed by that of phosphate, while that of potash was the minimum. Based on the analysis of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer rates and the ternary quadratic model of straw yield, the best yield of winter sowing fiber flax was 7605 kg/hm2 in Menghai County, and the best corresponding fertilizer amount was pure nitrogen 272.86 kg/hm2, phosphorus pentoxide 77.48 kg/hm2, and potassium oxide 128.67 kg/hm2, with the balanced nutrient ratio of 1.00: 0.28: 0.47.