饲料中添加姜黄素对尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼生长和四氯化碳诱导肝损伤的影响

本试验旨在研究饲料中姜黄素对尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)幼鱼生长性能的影响和对四氯化碳(CCl_4)诱导鱼体急性肝损伤的保护作用,为筛选治疗鱼类肝脏综合征的绿色药物提供理论依据。在基础饲料中分别添加不同水平(0、15 mg/kg、30 mg/kg、60 mg/kg、120 mg/kg和240 mg/kg)的姜黄素,连续饲喂鱼体8周后进行采样,探讨姜黄素对尼罗罗非鱼生长的影响,并采用CCl_4诱导鱼体急性肝损伤,72 h后采集血液和肝组织,检测相关抗氧化指标以及肝组织切片的变化。结果显示,饲料中添加60 mg/kg和120 mg/kg姜黄素可显著增加鱼体的增重率和特定生长率(P0.05);当罗非鱼经CCl_4诱导72 h后,60 mg/kg和120 mg/kg姜黄素组的血浆谷草转氨酶(GOT)、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活力和丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于对照组(P0.05),而血浆总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、血浆总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、肝超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力却显著高于对照组(P0.05);姜黄素在一定程度上可保护鱼体肝不受损伤,且以添加120 mg/kg水平时效果最佳。综上,饲料中添加60～120 mg/kg姜黄素可促进尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼生长性能的提高,而当饲料中添加120 mg/kg姜黄素时,对其肝的保护作用最强,可有效地抑制肝组织的脂质过氧化。

Effect of curcumin on growth performance and protective effect of liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride in Oreochromis niloticus

We evaluated the growth performance and hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of curcumin against carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced liver injury in Oreochromis niloticus based on an 8-week feeding trial. A basal diet was supplemented with 0 (control), 15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 mg/kg curcumin to formulate six experimental diets. At the end of the feeding trial, the growth performance was determined. Subsequently, CCl₄ was used for the model experiment. The plasma and liver were collected for the test after 72 h. Then, the expression levels of total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) of plasma and liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) activities were detected. The liver tissues were also collected for anatomical analysis. The change of liver tissue structure was observed under a microscope. Results showed that there was a significant (P<0.05) increase in weight gain rate (WG) and special growth rate (SGR) of fish fed diets supplemented with 60 and 120 mg/kg curcumin. When fish were exposed to CCl₄ after 72 h, fish fed diets supplemented with 60 and 120 mg/kg curcumin had significantly (P<0.05) lower plasma GOT and GPT activities and MDA content, and higher contents of plasma TP and ALB, and activities of liver SOD, GSH, GSH-Px, and plasma T-AOC than those in other treatment groups. Curcumin (120 mg/kg curcumin per diet) obviously inhibited the damage of liver tissue structure caused by CCl₄ and resulted in the liver tissue structure returning to normal. Overall, the results indicated that appropriate dietary curcumin supplementation could enhance the growth (especially 60 and 120 mg/kg curcumin per diet) of fish and effectively protect the liver against CCl₄-induced injury (especially 120 mg/kg curcumin per diet). Therefore, curcumin can promote the growth of fish and increase the protective effect on liver injury of fish in a certain extent. However, as a Chinese herbal medicine, curcumin is complex, we need to further study its pharmacological mechanism in detail. Especially, because curcumin is insoluble in water, easy to metabolize, and not readily absorbed by the body, we need to develop a new formula to improve its solubility, pharmacological action, and medicinal administration. With an in-depth study of its pharmacological action and further elucidating the mechanism of action, curcumin will definitely play a bigger role in the treatment of fish diseases in the future.