苹果三倍体后代培养及倍性鉴定

以自然授粉的三倍体苹果品种乔纳金的种子为材料,研究了培养方式对苹果三倍体实生后代获得的影响及实生后代的倍性水平。结果表明,离体培养与常规播种在乔纳金种子成苗率上存在明显差异,其中离体培养的成苗率是48.1%,常规播种的成苗率是20.9%,离体培养获得的植株是常规播种获得的植株的2倍以上。本研究获得的690个乔纳金实生后代中以非整倍体植株占多数,共获得非整倍体452株,占植株总数的65.5%。在后代中有13个为多倍体,其中离体培养获得7株三倍体和4株四倍体,而常规播种只获得2株三倍体,表明离体培养可以获得较多的多倍体资源。乔纳金实生后代中不同倍性植株在形态上差异显著,根据植株形态和叶形指数,可以容易地将多倍体(三倍体、四倍体)植株与二倍体植株和非整倍体植株区分开来。

Culture and identification of seedlings from triploid apple

Cultural methods and ploidy level of Jonagold apple seedlings were studied by using open-pollinated mature seeds. The results indicated that the raised plantlet rate has significant difference between in vitro culture and normal seed-derived culture. The rate of in vitro raised plantlets was 48.1 % and its plantlets quantity was two times that of normal seed raised plantlets whose rate was only 20.9%. The majority of the seedlings were aneuploid; 452 aneuploid seedlings were received from the two cultural methods, whose rate was 65% in the 690 Jonagold progenies. In this study, by in vitro, 11 polyploid plantlets were obtained, including 7 triploid and 4 tetraploid, however, only 2 triploid seedlings were got by normal seed-raised seedlings. So more valuable germplasm resources were obtained with in vitro culture. The different ploidy plantlets of Jonagold progenies had significant difference in morphology, it was easy to distinguish polyploid (triploid and tetraploid) from diploid and aneuploid plantlets on the basis of plantlet morphology and leaf index.