玉米种质资源子粒自然脱水速率的测定

以132份玉米自交系为试材,测定生理成熟期和收获期的子粒含水量,计算生理成熟后子粒脱水速率。结果表明,玉米自交系的起始鉴定时间是授粉后35 d,在生理成熟期和收获期,早熟自交系的子粒含水量变幅分别为21.15%～43.24%和7.27%～29.08%;晚熟自交系的子粒含水量变幅分别为23.67%～42.48%和14.72%～37.87%。玉米自交系间子粒自然脱水速率差异显著,早熟、晚熟自交系的脱水速率变幅分别为0.28%/d～2.82%/d和0.11%/d～3.00%/d。在132份自交系中,脱水快、中、慢的自交系分别有31、70和31份。玉米主推品种的部分亲本和一些老的骨干系,在育种中可作为脱水快的材料加以利用。

Research on the Kernel Natural Dehydration Rate after Physiological Maturity for Maize Germplasm

In this study, the kernel moisture contents of 132 maize inbred lines were measured at physiological maturity and harvest stages, and then the kernel natural dehydration rates after physiological maturity were calculated. We first measured the kernel moisture content at 35 days after pollination. At physiological maturity and harvest stages, the kernel moisture contents for early inbred lines were in the intervals of 21.15%-43.24% and 7.27%-29.08%, respectively, and the kernel moisture contents for late inbred lines was 23.67%-42.48% and 14.72%-37.87%, respectively. The kernel natural dehydration rates among inbred lines was significantly difference, with 0.28-2.82% per day for early inbred lines and 0.11%-3.00% per day for late inbred lines. There are respectively 31, 70, and 31 among 132 inbred lines with high, middle and low kernel natural dehydration rates. So some old inbred lines together with the parents of the main commercial hybrids at present can be used as materials for high kernel dehydration rate breeding.