可降解地膜覆盖对土壤水热及春玉米产量的影响

旨在探讨可降解地膜在晋东南地区玉米生产中的实际意义。本试验在覆膜后不同时间,对3种地膜的降解速度和强度、蓄水保温进行田间调查,玉米收获后测产。结果显示:与裸地相比,2种降解地膜能显著提高土壤温度和水分,效果逊于普通地膜,两种降解地膜之间差异不显著;降解地膜和普通地膜使生育期分别缩短了4天和9天,分别增产9.06%、9.72%、14.54%,普通地膜与降解地膜产量之间差异未达显著水平。在地膜降解方面,2种可降解地膜的降解时期较为一致,发生于覆膜后约40~50天;覆膜90~100天后可降解地膜从土壤表面基本消失。以上结果显示,供试的2种可降解地膜不仅具有显著的生物学效应和经济学效果,既满足了玉米生长对环境条件的要求,较普通地膜既省工省时,又可降低环境污染,所以降解地膜替代普通地膜应用于晋东南玉米生产具有可行性。

Effect of Degradable Film on Soil Moisture and Temperature and Yield of Spring Corn

The aim is to discuss the actual role of degradable film in corn production in southeast Shanxi. Degradation speed, degradation strength, water storage and heat preservation of three types of films were investigated in the field, with different covering time. The results showed that compared with bare land, two degradable films significantly increased soil temperature and soil moisture, the effects were inferior to that of the common film. The difference was not significant between the two degradable films. The corn growth period of degradable films and common film reduced by 4 days and 9 days, respectively, and the production increased by 9.06%, 9.72% and 14.54%, respectively. The difference of yields between common film and degradable film was not significant. Degradation period of the two degradable films was consistent. The degradation started at 40-50 days after mulching, and the degradable film disappeared at 90-100 days after mulching. It indicated that the two degradable films had obvious both biological and economic effects. They not only met the environmental conditions of corn growth, but also saved labor and time and decreased the environmental pollution. Therefore, degradable film instead of common film has feasibility for corn production in southeast Shanxi.