蚯蚓对农村有机生活垃圾分解处理的研究

本文以农村有机生活垃圾为研究对象,根据蚯蚓的生活习性设计了4个不同组分的试验基质,这些基质的主要成分为厨余垃圾,辅料为猪粪、牛粪和土壤。本试验引进＂大平二号＂赤子爱胜蚓（Eisenia foetida）在室内进行盆养试验,同时以未放养蚯蚓处理的试验基质作为对照,培养周期为5周。研究表明,蚯蚓分解新鲜有机生活垃圾的效果最好,其生物降解率达到75.688%,该试样中蚯蚓日增重倍数和日增值倍数也最大。经蚯蚓处理后的各基质肥效都有所增加,试验样基质中有机碳、氮磷含量相对于对照样都有所升高,试验样中碱解氮含量是对照样的3倍左右。新鲜有机生活垃圾基质C/N比最大,其速效磷含量也为最大值。同时,蚯蚓还对各基质的重金属有富集作用,其富集效果都在48%左右。各组之间的试验结果大多存在显著性差异（P〈0.05）。

Earthworm Decomposing Organic Solid Waste in Rural Areas

Organic solid waste in rural areas was studied with earthworm（Eiseniafoetida） decomposing. According to the living habits of earthworms, four different combinations of the test＇s ground-substance was designed for pot experiment. The main components of the ground- substance were kitchen waste. Additional material were pig dung, cow dung and soil. The ground-substance without earthworm was the contrast. Treatment time was five weeks. Results showed earthworm had best effect on decomposing fresh organic waste. The rate of biological degradation of fresh organic waste was 75.688%. In addition, the increment of earthworm＇s quality and quantity for everyday was also greatest in fresh organic waste. The available fertilizer of the ground-substance had obvious increase after earthworms decomposing compared with the control sample. The concentration of organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the ground-substance was higher than in control sample. The content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in the ground-substance was three times higher than in control sample. C/N and available phospho- rus in the round-substance of fresh organic waste were the highest. Earthworms could accumulated heavy metals from the ground-substance. Accumulation rate of heavy metal in the earthworms was about 48 percent. There were significant difference between most results of each group（ P〈0.05 ）.