豫东南典型农田土壤的养分现状及其变异分析

目的]测定土壤速效养分含量，并对其变并特征进行分析。方法]在2009～2012年间，对豫东南粮食主产区典型农田土壤进行测土配方施肥。结果]土壤养分现状总体缺乏氮素营养，其中砂姜黑土速效养分含量稍高，处于中等水平；潮土区壤土速效磷和速效钾含量有中等含量等级和缺乏等级2种情况，虞城和淮阳是典型的低磷富钾型土壤，其余典型的壤土区（涡阳、睢县、西华、扶沟）土壤速效磷含量中等，而速效钾含量偏低；潮土区黏土（太康、郸城、沈丘、柘城）土壤速效磷处于中等偏下水平，而土壤速效钾处于缺乏水平。结论]豫东南农田土壤养分状况极不平衡。利用测土配方施肥技术为豫东南典型农田的施肥管理提供建议具有重要意义，也为广泛展开的土地流转及农业种植大户提供科学施肥指导。

Analysis of Present Situation and Variation of Typical Farmland Soil Nutrient in Southeast Henna

Objective] Available nutrients content was detected and the variation characteristics were analyzed. Method ] Soil testing and fertilizer recommendation was conducted during 2009 -2012 in the typical farmland of Southeast Henna. Result ] All soils of different soil types were of N deficiency, but the content of different soil available nutrients were higher in black clay soil, which belonged to middle level. And the content of soil available phosphate and available potassium had two conditions in alluvial soil which were middle level and shortage level. Actually speaking, loam soils in YuCheng and HuaiYang belonged to typical lower phosphate and higher potassium, and the content of soil available phosphate was moderate and available potassium was lower in GuoYang, SuiXian, XiHua, and FuGou. The content of soil avail- able phosphate and available potassium in clay soil （TaiKang, DanCheng, ShenQiu and ZheCheng） was separately below the medium level and shortage level. Conclusion] Soil nutrients was very unbalanced, and the technology of soil testing and fertilizer recommendation could provide suggestion for fertilization management about the typical farmland soil in Southeast Henna, and give some reasonable advice on scientif- ic fertilization for rural land circulation which was widely developed and major agriculture farmers.