新红星苹果花粉粒形成的光镜及电镜观察

本文较系统地观察了新红星苹果从减数分裂到花粉发育成熟的全过程。观察结果表明新红星苹果的减数分裂是典型的双子叶类型，顶花的花粉母细胞减数分裂是同步的，侧花则极不同步。观察认为胼低质累积有利于花粉母细胞及小孢子的散开。药室内壁（纤维层）不是１层细胞而是２～３层；中间层直至开花期花药将要开裂时仍然存在。从减数分裂至二胞花粉形成只需５～６ｄ的时间。绒毡层为腺质型，在单枝花粉粒形成时绒毡层开始退化，二胞花粉期绒毡层解体消失。扫描电镜观察１０个品种的花粉粒形态、大小、纹饰等方面存在一定差异。关键词：

LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATION ON DEVELOPMENT OF POLLEN GRAINS OF APPLE CULTIVAR STARKRIMSON

An observation of developmental process from meiosis to mature pollen grain in apple cv. Starkrimson was made by LM and SEM. Results showed that the meiosis of pollen mother cell of Starkrimson was going typically as that of dicotyls, with that in the terminalflower being synchronous and that in the axillary flower extremely nonsychronous. The accumulation of callose was benefit to dispersion of pollen mother cells and microspores. The endothecium or fibrage consisted of 2-3 layers, and the middle layers still existed when anther was going to burst at the florescence stage. It only took 5-6 days from meiosis to 2-celled pollen stage. The tapetum was of glandular type, starting to degenerate whenmicrospores formed, disintegrating and disappearing at 2-celled pollen stage. The observation of pollen grains of 10 apple cultivars made by SEM showed that the shape, size andornamentation of them were different in some degree.