彩花油菜的创建及遗传育种进展

油菜既是重要的油料作物,也是极具观赏价值的大田作物,成片的油菜花每年吸引大量游客。近年来,随着农业旅游项目的不断研发,油菜花成为越来越重要的特色旅游资源,而且以黄色为主的菜花正在被白色、红色、紫色等彩色菜花所丰富,花色油菜种质的创制也被越来越多的育种家所突破。本文主要介绍了通过远缘杂交、原生质体融合、人工诱变、基因工程等方法获得的不同花色油菜新种质,概述了有关油菜花色的遗传机理、进化与选择等的研究进展,综述了彩花油菜育种的最新进展,并就未来发展趋势做了展望和建议。

Progress on genetics and breeding of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) with colored flowers

 Rapeseeds (Brassica napus L.) produce ornamental flowers, and its seeds oil is the most important vegetable oil in the world. Since the flower tourism became popular in China, colored-rape breeding was much more focused. New germplasm and mutants were created i sevral colors (including white, red, purple, etc.) more than yellow. In this paper, we reviewed the achievement on colored rapeseed breeding by various methods as distant hybridization, protoplast fusion, artificial mutagenesis and genetic engineering. The progress on genetic mechanism of rapeseed color was then reviewed as well as the evolution and selective clues of colored flower. Some suggestions on color breeding were also discussed.