宁夏小流域治理中的水资源调控理论与实践

宁夏干旱少雨,天然降水是可利用的重要水资源。介绍了宁夏小流域治理中利用水资源的理论与实践,即在小流域综合治理中坚持就地拦蓄、流而不失"两个基本论点",贯彻化整为零、化零为整的"两个基本战术",应用工程、植物、耕作"三类治理措施"建立坡面接纳、坡面拦蓄、沟道拦蓄工程的"三道基本防线",实现水资源在空间和时间上的"两个调节"和产流与用水、产流量与拦蓄量"两个平衡",解决好水土流失与干旱、降雨强度大与土壤入渗能力有限、降雨时间与作物需水不同步、分散产流与集中用水的"四个矛盾"。

Theory and Practice on Regulation and Control of Water Resources during Small Watershed Treatment in Ningxia

Ningxia is an arid area with less precipitation.Thus,natural rainfall becomes important available water resources.The paper presents the theory and practice of utilization of water resources in Ningxia during the treatment of small watersheds,i.e.it adheres to "two basic viewpoints" of impounding locally and flowing but no loss;it carries out "two basic tactics" of breaking up the whole into parts and putting the parts into whole;it establishes "three basic engineering defence lines" of slope taking,slope retention and gully retention by applying "three treatment measures" of engineering works,plants and cultivation;it achieves "two regulations" of water resources on time and space and "two balances" of runoff production with consumption and runoff yield with retention storage;it resolves "four contradictions" of soil and water loss with drought,great intensity of precipitation with limited capacity of soil infiltration,asynchronous of the time of precipitation with crop water demand and scattered runoff production with concentrated consumption.