普通玉米3个籽粒性状的遗传分析

以籽粒性状差异明显的自交系组配的6个世代为试验材料。采用主基因＋多基因遗传模型对籽粒长度、籽粒比重、籽粒鲜干重差值（HKWI）等3个籽粒性状进行了遗传分析。结果表明，籽粒比重未检测到主基因，籽粒长度和HKWI在多数组合检测到2对主基因．且2对主基因的加性效应为减效，显性效应为增效。加性效应大干显性效应，互作效应中以1效应和i效应较为明显；多基因的加性效应和显性效应均为减效，且显性效应大于加性效应，3种上位性效应也较为明显；3个性状的主基因遗传率在各分离世代存在一定的差异。综合分析表明，籽粒长度受主基因和多基因的共同影响，而HKWI的主基因起决定作用。

Analysis of genetics of four kernel traits in maize(Zea mays L.)

Using six inbred lines with different kernel traits as materials, a genectic analysis of kernel length, kernel density, and HKWI was conducted under mixed main gene plus polygenes inheritance model, The results showed that the kernel density was not dominated by main genes, and kernel length and HKWI was dominated by two main genes in the most of combinations. The values of negatively additive effect were larger than that of positively dominant effect in main genes,and the values of negatively additive effect were smaller than that of negatively dominant effect in polygenes. Three epistasis effects were significantly observed. The heritability of major gene of the three kernel traits was different among segregating generations. The results showed that the effects of main genes and minor genes on kernel length, and effects of main genes on HKWI were observed.