籼型杂交水稻主要品质性状与产量性状的关系研究

对江西省2005年主推的22个水稻品种的主要品质指标进行了分析,并研究了主要品质性状与产量性状的关系。结果表明,22个组合中只有4个组合的垩白粒率达到部颁优质米(NY/T593-2002)二级标准,垩白度和胶稠度达到一级标准的组合比例很少;垩白粒率与垩白度呈极显著正相关,直链淀粉含量与垩白粒率和胶稠度分别呈显著正相关和负相关,表明降低垩白粒率与垩白度、提高胶稠度是改良杂交水稻品质的主要目标。结实率与垩白度和出糙率之间分别达到极显著和显著正相关;认为要兼顾杂交水稻的品质改良与产量的提高,可适当增加千粒重,同时必须根据各性状的相关性,在选配亲本时要全面考虑各性状的关系,特别是产量构成因素和主要品质性状间的搭配。

The Studies on the Relation Between the Main Grain Quality Traits and the Yield Traits in Indica Hybrid rice

Some grain quality traits of 22 indica hybrid rice in Jiangxi Province in 2005 were analyzed.According to standard for fine quality rice by Ministry of Agriculture in China(NY/ T593-2002),there were only 4 hybrid rice combinations reached the 2nd class standard in chalky rice rate, the hybrid rice combinations reached the 1st class standard in chalky area and gel consistency were rare.The correlations between chalky rice rate and chalky area,amylose content and chalky rice rate were significantly positive at 1% and 5% levels,respectively.The correlation between amylose content and gel consistency was significantly negative at 5 % level.Therefore,the main ways to improve the grain quality of hybrid rice were to decrease chalky rice rate,chalky area and increase gel consistency.The correlations between seed-setting rate and chalky area,seed-setting rate and brown rice rate were significantly positive at 1% and 5 % levels,respectively.It suggested that the desirable grain quality and high yields might be obtained in indica hybrid rice by properly increasing 1000-grain weight.At the same time,it is necessary to consider all of the traits in selecting hybrid rice parents based on the correlations between the traits,especially to consider the relations between the yield component traits and the main grain quality traits.