人类胚胎干细胞研究述评

对人类胚胎干细胞(hESCs)的来源、培养方法、建系条件、生物学特性和鉴定方法、遗传操作及其需解决的问题进行了讨论。提出目前研究的重点在于揭示维持ES细胞多能性和自我更新的机理,进一步优化人类和其他哺乳动物类ES细胞的分离、培养、建系方法,探讨其定向分化机理,建立胚胎干细胞(ESCs)和胚胎生殖细胞(EGCs)的大规模快速扩增技术;完善hESCs向重要功能细胞(生殖细胞)分化的体系;单细胞比对分析ESCs、畸胎瘤细胞(ECSs)、EGCs、类胚体(EBs)、各级生殖细胞和成体细胞的基因及蛋白表达图谱,以探求生殖细胞、成体细胞、ESCs、ECSs、EGCs的本质区别,积极开展将ES细胞用于治疗人类疾病模型的研究。

Review on human embryonic stem(ES) cells

Human embryonic stem cells(hESCs) are derived from the inner cell mass(ICM) and have the ability to self-renew and produce one or more differentiated cell types,which can be differentiated into derivatives of all three embryonic germ layers when transferred to an in vitro environment and have the ability to form any fully differentiated cells of the body.Human ES cells have enormous potential as an unlimited source of cells forcell-based replacement therapies,tissue engineering,and as a model for early human development,cell defierentiation,etc.In recent years,establishment of human ES cell lines and their differentiation have made great progresses.This paper review the derivation of hESCs,ethica problems,difficulties in establishment of human ES cells lines,directed differentiation immunological rejection and other problems greatly restrict the research of human ES cells.Now,we should focus on the research of the mechanism of self-renewal and differentiation of embryonic stem(ES) cells as well as adult stem cells,improve the efficiency of establishment of human ES cell lines and their specific differentiation into some important mature functional cells,master the technology and method of quick proliferation in a large scale,analyse and compare the gene and protein expression patterns of embryonic stemcells(ESC),ECSs,embryonic germ(EG) cells,embryoid bodies(EBs),germ cells(GCs) at differential stage and adult cells,to explore the essential differences between them.