不育剂EP-1对内蒙古荒漠啮齿动物优势种群繁殖的影响

鼠类不育控制已成为我国草原鼠害有效控制的发展趋势.为明确不育剂对荒漠草原害鼠种群繁殖的控制作用,2011年在内蒙古阿拉善荒漠区采用春季一次性投饵的方法,研究复合不育剂EP-1对子午沙鼠Meriones meridianus、三趾跳鼠Dipus sagitta和小毛足鼠Phodopus roborovskii3种啮齿动物优势种群的控制作用.结果显示,不育剂EP-1致使3种雄鼠的睾丸明显萎缩且下降率降低；春季子午沙鼠和三趾跳鼠的睾丸、附睾和精囊腺3项脏器系数均极显著低于对照区(P＜0.01),睾丸下降率均显著低于对照区(P＜0.05)；小毛足鼠5月和10月睾丸脏器系数和4-10月睾丸下降率均显著低于对照区(P＜0.05),且持续时间较长.不育剂EP-1导致3种雌鼠子宫明显水肿、外壁变薄、体积变大、孕鼠平均胎仔数减少,4月子午沙鼠和三趾跳鼠的子宫脏器系数与宽度均显著高于对照区(P＜0.05),5月3种雌鼠的平均胎仔数均显著低于对照区(P＜0.05).表明不育剂EP-1对3种荒漠啮齿动物优势种群的繁殖起到了有效的控制作用.

Effects of the contraceptive compound (EP-1) on reproduction of dominant desert rodents in Inner Mongolia

The sterility controlling to pest rodents has become the tendency of effective controlling to grassland pest rodents in China. For expressing effects of anti-fertility on reproduction of pest desert rodents, the EP-1 (levonorgestrel-quinestrol), a compound sterility mixture, was conducted contrast experiments on controlling reproduction for wild populations of dominant desert rodents, Meriones meridianus, Dipus sagitta and Phodopus roborovskii, and a single baiting was used in spring in Alashan Desert, Inner Mongolia, from March to October in 2011. The results show that the testicles of three species males have an obvious atrophy, and the descent rates of testicles have decreased in the treatment area. Compared with the control area, the reproductive organ coefficients including testicle, epididymal and seminal vesicle of M.meridianus and D.vsagitta were significantly decreasing (P<0.01) in the treatment one in spring,and in which those descent rates of testicles were also significantly decreasing (P<0.05). The testicle coefficient of P.roborovskii was lower than that of the control area in May and October, and those descent rates of testicles were even more significantly lower than those of the control one from April to October (P<0.05). The anti-fertility control was sustained for a long duration. To females, in the treatment area, the average numbers of fetuses were decreased, the uterus became edema and bulking, and the uterus wall became thinning with semi-transparent. In detail, in which the uterus coefficients and widths of M.meridianus and D.sagitta were significantly increasing compared with control area in April (P<0.05). The average numbers of fetuses of dominant population of desert rodents were significantly decreasing compared with those of the control area in May (P<0.05). The EP-1 controlled reproduction effectively to three dominant desert rodent species in the current year.