油棕雄花发育时期功能叶生理生化特性及叶绿素荧光基础研究

摘 要：为了摸清油棕雄花发育时期主要供能器官功能叶的生理生化特性及与雄花发育的关系，笔者研究了4个油棕品种雄花发育时期功能叶可溶性糖、蔗糖、可溶性蛋白、抗氧化系统参数及叶绿素荧光的动态变化，并与雄花重量进行相关分析。结果表明，伴随雄花的发育，功能叶可溶性糖、蔗糖、可溶性蛋白、抗氧化系统参数及叶绿素荧光，表现出一定的协调同步性。苞期、开叉期功能叶转移大量营养物质到雄花，可溶性糖、蔗糖、可溶性蛋白表现为含量较低，开叉期“蔗糖/可溶性糖”比值最高，代谢最旺盛，超氧阴离子自由基伴随物质代谢产生，由POD、SOD、CAT 3种保护酶协调清除，保障功能叶正常的生理功能。随着雄花的形态建成、内含物的积累及萎蔫，功能叶表现出开叉期Fo、Fv、Fm最高，Fo/Fm最低，光合机构受损最小，叶绿素含量高，光合电子传递效率高，而Fv/Fm保持稳定状态；试验得出，苞期、开叉期是雄花及功能叶的营养代谢关键期，即栽培管理重点期。

Study on Physiological-biochemical Characteristic and Chlorophyll Fluorescence of Functional Leaves of Oil Palm during the Male Flower’ Development Stages

In order to find out the physiological-biochemical characteristics of functional leaf as the main organ for energy during male flowers ’ development stages of oil palm and the relationship with the male flowers, the author studied on dynamic changes of soluble sugar, sucrose, soluble protein, parameters of antioxidant system and chlorophyll fluorescence of functional leaf during male flowers ’ development stages of four oil palm varieties, and correlated with male flowers characters. The results showed that with the development of male flowers, functional leaf metabolism showed a certain coordinate synchronization. At unopened bud and split stage, a large number of nutrients produced of functional leaves were transferred to the growth of male flowers, soluble sugar, sucrose and soluble protein showed low levels. The ratio of sucrose to soluble sugar was highest at split stage, metabolism was strongest. Superoxide anion radical by-products as a strong metabolism, removed by three protective enzymes ‘ POD, SOD, CAT ’ , to protect the normal physiological function of functional leaves. With the male flowers morphogenesis, accumulating and wilting, Fo, Fv, Fm of functional leaves highest, Fo/Fm lowest, minimal damage to photosynthetic apparatus, chlorophyll content highest, photosynthetic electron transport activity at the split stage while the Fv/Fm remained stable state. Unopened bud and split stage were closely related to the male flowers and function leaves metabolism, was the key period of cultivation and management.