油气管道机械损伤引发事故与预防措施

国外对油气钢质管道机械损伤的研究较多,统计分析了美国、加拿大和欧洲自1991年以来的油气管道事故及其原因,其中机械损伤是引发陆上管道事故的最主要原因之一,但事故次数在近20年呈下降趋势。系统梳理了国外在预防管道机械损伤方面的先进技术和经验,为减少外界对管道的干扰,重点关注管道在制造、运输、施工、运营及维护过程中有效管理程序和机构的建立,而呼叫系统、公众警示程序和开挖程序是目前的重点研究方向。同时,国外非常重视管道行业组织在预防管道机械损伤方面的作用,美国的CGA和PIPA,欧洲的CONCAWE和EGIG就是典型例证。

Pipeline accident caused by mechanical damage and its preventive measures

The research of mechanical damage in oil and gas pipeline is very popular in foreign countries. The accidents and possible reasons happened in the United States, Canada and Europe since 1991 are analyzed. And in which, mechanical damage is one of the most important factors which resulted in the accidents of onshore pipeline. However, the frequency of accidents has decreased in the past 20 years. The advanced technologies and experiences in preventing mechanical damages in foreign countries are systematically analyzed. To reduce the outside interference on pipeline, the focus should be centered on establishing effective management procedures and organizations during the period of pipeline manufacture, transportation, construction, operation and maintenance, and the one-call system, public awareness programs and excavation procedure are the currently main research and development direction. Meanwhile, foreign countries pay much attention on the effect of the pipeline industry organizations, such as CGA and PIPA in United States, CONCAWE and EGIG in Europe, in the prevention of mechanical damages to the pipelines.