区域畜禽环境承载力核算方法研究与应用

针对畜禽养殖区域布局不合理，科学、实用的环境承载力核算方法欠缺的问题，本研究在畜禽土地承载力核算方法的基础上，综合考虑水环境容量和经济社会发展等因素，构建了基于作物养分需求及水土环境多要素的畜禽环境承载力核算模型，确定了模型参数取值，形成了畜禽环境承载力核算方法。以湖南省为例对核算方法进行应用验证，核算出湖南省畜禽环境承载力为6 113.16万头当量生猪。经与相关研究成果比对分析，认为该核算方法优于我国当前广泛采用的土地承载力核算方法，表明该核算方法具有较强的科学性与实用性，对各地科学合理的测算畜禽养殖环境承载力，确保畜牧业与环境协调发展具有指导意义。关键词：畜禽养殖；环境承载能力；水环境容量；环境质量目标

Research and application of the accounting method of regional livestock and poultry environmental carrying capacity

Due to the unreasonable regional layout of livestock and poultry breeding and deficiency of scientific and practical environmental carrying capacity accounting methods, on the basis of the livestock land carrying capacity accounting method, as well as considering the factors of water environmental capacity and economic, and social development, this study built an accounting model of livestock environmental carrying capacity based on crop nutrient demand and multiple factors of the soil and water environment. Furthermore, the model parameter values were confirmed, and the livestock and poultry environmental carrying capacity accounting method was developed. Taking Hunan Province as an example to verify the application of the accounting method, the environmental carrying capacity of livestock and poultry in Hunan Province was calculated as 6 113.16×10⁴ equivalent pigs. After comparison with related research results, it is concluded that this method was superior to the current widely used land carrying capacity accounting method in China, indicating that the method was practical and scientifically sound. Thus, this method is important for scientific and reasonable calculations of livestock and poultry breeding environmental carrying capacity, ensuring coordinated development of animal husbandry and the environment.