不同类型土壤下增温对小麦养分吸收和分配的影响

为了解不同类型土壤下小麦生物量及养分吸收和分配对增温的响应，于2020年11月在南京信息工程大学农业气象试验站以冬小麦品种扬麦13为研究对象，采用开放式增温系统对小麦进行全天增温，通过裂区试验，分析了增温（日平均增温1.5 ℃）后棕壤、灰钙土、黄土、潮土、砖红壤和黄棕壤等6个不同类型土壤下小麦成熟期根、秸秆及籽粒生物量和氮磷钾含量的变化。结果表明，与常温对照相比，增温处理的小麦生物量增加了9.9%，而植株氮、磷和钾含量分别降低了10.6%、17.7%和12.1%，三种养分的总积累量分别减少了3.4%、12.0%和3.5%。增温使小麦秸秆和籽粒氮、磷和钾含量较常温对照分别降低了33.6%、18.8%、9.4%和8.0%、18.9%、18.7%。在棕壤和灰钙土下增温有利于小麦干物质积累,但不利于黄土和潮土下小麦干物质及养分积累。由此可见，增温改变了小麦干物质积累及养分吸收和分配，且与土壤类型密切相关。

Effects of Warming on the Absorption and Distribution of Nutrients in Wheat Grown on Various Soils

In order to explore the responses of wheat biomass and nutrient absorption and distribution to warming in different types of soil,a winter wheat variety Yangmai 13 was used as the material at the agrometeorological experimental station of Nanjing University of Information Engineering in November,2020. The open heating system was used to increase the temperature during wheat growing season. Through the split-plot design,elevated temperature (eT) and ambient temperature (aT) were designed as the main plot,and six soil types were designed as sub-plot:brown soil,sierozem,loess,fluvo aquic soil,latosol,and yellow brown soil. Wheat was harvested at maturity stage and divided into roots,straw and grains. The biomass and concentrations of N,P and K in wheat plant were measured for each part. Results showed that,compared to aT,the eT increased wheat biomass by 9.9%,while the concentrations of N,P,and K were decreased by 10.6%,17.7%,and 12.1%,respectively,and the total nutrient accumulation amount were decreased by 3.4%,12.0%,and 3.5%,respectively. The concentrations of N,P,and K in wheat straw,and grain under eT were decreased by 33.6%,18.8%, 9.4% and 8.0%,18.9% and 18.7%,compared to those under aT,respectively. Warming in brown soil and sierozem soil was beneficial to dry matter accumulation of wheat,but not beneficial to dry matter and nutrient accumulation of wheat in loess and fluvo aquic soils. It can be concluded that warming changes the dry matter accumulation and nutrient absorption and distribution of wheat,and the effect is closely related to soil types.