硫肥对中筋小麦产量和加工品质的调控效应

以2个不同穗型的中筋高产小麦品种豫农949和兰考矮早八为材料，于2005-2007年通过2种氮水平的大田试验研究了施硫对小麦籽粒产量和加工品质指标的影响。结果表明，2个品种在2种氮水平下施硫提高了籽粒产量及其构成因素，豫农949施硫增产效果显著优于兰考矮早八，表明施用硫肥应考虑品种间差异。增施硫肥对2个品种的加工品质性状也有重要影响，施硫降低了淀粉的直/支比，提高了面团的拉伸面积和延伸度等面粉的拉伸参数，从而改善了面团流变学特性。此外，施硫处理还提高了面粉的亮度(L*值)，改善了面粉的感官指标。综合比较氮硫施用对小麦产量和品质的调控效应以及投入成本，高产麦田以240 kg N hm^-2配施60 kg S hm^-2可起到提高籽粒产量、改善籽粒品质和节约成本的作用。因此，补充硫素营养已成为获取更高小麦籽粒产量和改善其加工品质的迫切措施之一，尤其是在中国一些高氮供应地区更应该如此。

Effects of Sulphur Application on Grain Yield and Processing Quality in Medium-Gluten Wheat

Global sulphur (S) deficiency in farming lands is a problem in recent years, especially in the fields with high nitrogen (N) input. Unbalanced application of S and N fertilizers not only leads to low N use efficiency but also degrades the grain quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) due to physiological S deficiency. To investigate the effects of sulphur application on grain yield and processing quality, two medium-gluten wheat cultivars (Yunong 949 and Lankao Aizao 8) were used in field experiments with different S and N fertilizer treatments in 2005–2007 growing seasons. Two N levels treatments (240 and 330 kg ha^-1) were combined with two S levels (0 and 60 kg ha^-1). In both cultivars, nitrogen combined sulphur treatments increased grain yield and the yield components. Comparing with no sulphur application, nitrogen combined sulphur application reduced the ratio of amylose/ Amylopectin, and increased farinograph quality parameters of flour. The extensibility parameters of flour such as extended area and extensibility of dough were increased, and the rheological properties of dough and the other main processing quality of wheat flour were improved by sulphur application. In addition, the brightness of flour and the quality identified by senses were improved by sulphur application. On the whole, there is an available measure of fertilizer use not only increasing grain yield and improving quality but also saving cost with applying N 240 kg combined with S 60 kg per hectare in high fertility field. Above results indicate that there is an urgent need to apply S fertilizer in some with high N application in China to achieve high grain yield and maintain high processing quality of wheat.