不同地域天山云杉林分结构及森林经营措施研究

天山云杉(Picea schrenkiana var.tianschanica)是新疆天山山地森林的优势树种,是亚洲中部山地的特有种,在我国仅见于新疆。天山云杉林在新疆水源涵养、水土保持、气候调节等方面都起着至关重要的作用。研究天山云杉在天山东部、中部以及西部不同地域林分结构变化规律,对科学合理经营天山云杉林具有重要的指导意义。本文于2011年7月对天山东部的木垒林场、天山中部的新疆农业大学实习林场、天山西部的西天山国家级自然保护区3个不同地域上的天山云杉林分结构进行了调查,样地面积均为1hm2(100m×100m),应用负指数分布函数分别模拟天山云杉林直径分布结构并进行q检验,模拟结果为天山东部N=188.973 9e-0.0705D,q=1.33;天山中部N=63.952 5e-0.0300D,q=1.13;天山西部N=15.993 7e-0.0182D,q=1.08。研究结果表明天山东部小树密度较高,天山西部大树密度较高,依据q值法则和天山云杉树高结构和年龄结构特征分析,对生长在天山东部、中部、西部不同经度的天山云杉林应采用不同的森林经营措施,以便持续最大地实现天山云杉林森林多功能之目标。

Stand Structures and Forest Management of Picea schrenkiana in Different Regions

Picea schrenkiana var tianschanica,as a dominant species in Xinjiang Tianshan mountain forest,is an endemic species in central Asian mountainous areas and it exists only in Xinjiang in our country.As the main body of Tianshan mountain forest ecological system,Picea schrenkiana forest plays a vital role in water conservation,water and soil conservation,adjusting the climate.Research on stand structure with longitude change of Picea schrenkiana has important significance to scientific and reasonable management of Picea schrenkiana.In July 2011,Picea schrenkiana stand structure was investigated in Mulei State Forest Farm of east Tianshan Mountains,Xinjiang Agricultural University Forest Farm of central Tienshan mountains and West Tianshan National Nature Reserve in west Tianshan Mountains.Investigated sample area is 1hm2(100m×100m),method is negative exponential function and q inspection.Diameter distribution function of Picea schrenkiana is that N=188.973 9e-0.0705D,q=1.33 in east Tianshan;N=63.952 5e-0.0300D,q=1.13 in central Tianshan;N=15.993 7e-0.0182D,q=1.08 in West Tianshan.The results of the study show that small trees have higher density in east Tianshan,big trees have higher density in west Tianshan.According to q value size,tree high structure and age structure,the different management measures should be adopted to Picea schrenkiana growing from the eastern Tianshan to central Tianshan to west Tianshan to realize Picea schrenkiana multi-functions sustainably.