有毒植物提取的生物碱杀虫活性

目的]研究12种长白山有毒植物提取的生物碱杀虫活性,为长白山有毒植物的开发利用奠定基础。方法]应用小叶碟法研究12种有毒植物提取的生物碱对3～5龄菜青虫幼虫生长发育的影响和拒食活性。结果]不同有毒植物提取的生物碱处理对菜青虫的生长发育构成影响有所不同。苦参、曼佗罗、天南星、藜芦和雷公藤生物碱等5个处理使试虫体重逐渐下降,直至最后死亡;葛根、北乌头、升麻和延胡索生物碱处理可使菜青虫提前化蛹,蛹态畸形;葛根、北乌头、升麻、天南星、延胡索和藜芦生物碱处理,48 h后菜青虫拒食率均在90%以上,升麻和延胡索处理拒食率最高,为100%。结论]葛根、北乌头、延胡索、升麻和天南星等5种有毒植物的杀虫活性研究报道较少,在植物源农药的开发上具有重要价值。

Insecticidal Activity of Alkaloid Extracts from Poisonous Plants

Objective] Insecticidal activities of alkaloids extracted from 12 poisonous plants in Changbai Mountain were studied in the paper,to provide the basis for the development and utilization of poisonous plants in Changbai Mountain.Method] Leaf disc method was used to study the effects of alkaloids extracted from 12 poisonous plants on the growth and development of 3-5 instars of cabbage worm(Pieris rapae) and their antifeedant activities.Result] The effects of alkaloids extracted from different poisonous plants on the growth and development of cabbage worm were also different.Five treatments of alkaloids extracted from Sophora flavescens,Datura,Pinellia pedatisecta Schott,Veratrum nigrum L.and Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook f.made the weight of test insects gradually decrease and finally die;the alkaloid treatments of Pueraria lobata,Aconitum kusnezoffii,Cimicifuga dahurica and Corydalis ambigua could make cabbage worm pupate ahead of time,but the pupa state was abnormal;the antifeedant rates of cabbage worm after the treatments of P.lobata,A.kusnezoffii,C.dahurica,P.pedatisecta Schott,V.nigrum L.and C.ambigua for 48 h were all over 90%,and the antifeedant rates of C.dahurica and C.ambigua were the highest as 100%.Conclusion]The reports on the insecticidal activities of five poisonous plants including P.lobata,A.kusnezoffii,C.dahurica,P.pedatisecta Schott and C.ambigua are rare,and they have important values on the development of botanical pesticides.