甘肃省庆阳市家畜粪污风险评价与资源利用技术研究

为了解甘肃省庆阳市家畜粪污肥料的安全性,促进粪污资源的健康化、合理化、精细化利用,实现科学种养结合模式,采集该市猪场、牛场、羊场的家畜粪便,经塑料大棚堆积发酵熟化后,测定粪便肥料的主要卫生学指标和重金属含量。结果表明：测定的2项卫生学指标,包括粪中蛔虫卵死亡率和粪大肠菌群数,均符合《有机肥标准 NY 525—2012》的要求。猪粪肥料中含有的重金属元素以锌（Zn）、铜（Cu）为主,其中,Zn含量为4 125.00 mg/kg,Cu含量为342.00 mg/kg;对照国家推荐标准《畜禽粪便还田技术规范 GB/T 25246—2010》中的重金属限制值,猪粪肥料中Zn含量超出最大限制值（3 400 mg/kg）21.32%,且Cu含量较高,超出部分作物限制要求。牛粪肥料铬（Cr）含量较高,为217.30 mg/kg,超出相关标准（150.00 mg/kg）44.87%。羊粪肥料重金属含量均未超标。为避免粪污重金属对环境的污染,建议粪污进行集中处理,将猪粪与牛粪或羊粪按比例混合堆积发酵生产有机肥,并根据作物需要科学施用。

Risk Assessment and Resource Utilization Technology of Livestock Manures in Qingyang City,Gansu Province

The aim of this study were to evaluate the utilization safety of livestock manure fertilizer in Qingyang City of Gansu Province, to promote the healthy, rationalized and refined utilization of livestock manure resources, and to provide references for realizing the scientific combination pattern of livestock farming and crop planting. The livestock manure samples were collected from the pig farms, cattle farms and sheep farms in this city. After being fermented and matured in a plastic greenhouse, the main hygiene indicators and heavy metal content of the obtained manure fertilizer were determined. The results showed that the two tested hygiene indicators, including the mortality of Ascaris eggs and coliform group count in feces, were in line with the requirements of ′Organic Fertilizer Standard NY 525-2012′. The heavy metal elements mainly found in pig manures were zinc （Zn） and copper （Cu）, with the content of 4 125.00 mg/kg and 342.00 mg/kg, respectively. According to the heavy metal content limit value in ′Technology Code for Land Application Rates of Livestock and Poultry Manure GB/T 25246-2010′, the Zn content in pig manure fertilizer exceeded the maximum limit （3 400 mg/kg） by 21.32%. Furthermore, the Cu content in pig manure fertilizer was higher and exceeded the requirements of some crops. The content of Cr in cattle manure fertilizer was 217.30 mg/kg, which exceeded the relevant standard （150.00 mg/kg） by 44.87%. The heavy metal content of sheep manure fertilizer did not exceed the requirements of relevant standard. In order to avoid the environmental pollution caused by heavy metals, it is recommended that the livestock manures should be treated in a concentrated manner, and the pig manures was suggested to be mixed with the cattle manures or sheep manures in a certain ratio to produce organic fertilizer. In addition, the organic fertilizer should be scientifically applied according to the crop needs.