景观空间异质性对生态系统服务的影响

景观空间异质性是一个景观生态学的概念,其会对生态系统服务产生巨大影响,而生态系统服务会随着景观格局的改变而改变。景观空间异质性可划分为景观组成异质性与景观构型异质性。这两方面对生态系统服务的影响机制和内容有所不同。目前很多学者都是对“景观格局—生态系统服务对应关系,或者生态系统过程—生态系统服务对应关系”进行研究,缺乏将景观格局、生态系统过程与生态系统服务三者结合起来,并关注三者变化与相互关系的研究。关于景观异质性是通过何种途径影响生态系统服务的,目前的研究还不够深入。通过总结国内外的有关文献,简述景观空间异质性是如何通过直接和间接作用影响生态系统服务,以期为提高生态系统服务、实现可持续发展以及制定生态保护政策提供科学依据。

Influence of Landscape Spatial Heterogeneity on Ecosystem Services

Landscape spatial heterogeneity is a concept of landscape ecology that has a huge impact on ecosystem services, and the ecosystem services will change as landscape patterns change. Landscape spatial heterogeneity can be divided into landscape composition heterogeneity and landscape configuration heterogeneity, and the impact mechanism and content of these two aspects on ecosystem services are different. At present, many scholars are studying the ′landscape pattern-ecosystem service correspondence, or ecosystem process-ecosystem service correspondence′. However, studies focusing on the combination of landscape pattern, ecosystem process and ecosystem services and on changes and interrelation of them are still limited. The current researches on interpreting the approach by which landscape heterogeneity affects the ecosystem services are not deep enough. By summarizing the relevant literature at home and abroad, this paper briefly describes how landscape spatial heterogeneity influences ecosystem services directly and indirectly, in hoping to provide a scientific basis for ecosystem services improvement, sustainable development realization and ecological protection policies formulation.