Organic amendment and minimum tillage in winter wheat grown in Mediterranean conditions: Effects on yield performance,soil fertility and environmental impact |
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| Institution: | 1. Consiglio per la Ricerca in agricoltura e l''analisi dell''Economia Agraria - CREA, Unità di Ricerca per l''Uva da Tavola e la Vitivinicoltura in Ambiente Mediterraneo, Via Casamassima 148, 70010 Turi, Bari, Italy;2. Consiglio per la Ricerca in agricoltura e l''analisi dell''Economia Agraria - CREA, Unità di ricerca per i sistemi colturali degli ambienti caldo-aridi, Azienda Sperimentale Metaponto, S.S. Jonica 106 km 448.2, 75010 Metaponto, Italy;3. Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università di Bari, Via Amendola, 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy;4. Soil Department, Central Laboratory for Environmental Quality Monitoring (CLEQM), National Water Research Centre (NWRC), Egypt;5. ARPA Puglia, Dipartimento Chimico Provinciale di Bari, Via Caduti di tutte le guerre 7, 70126 Bari, Italy;1. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas (INIAB), CONICET-UNRC, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto 5800 (Argentina);2. Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049 (Spain);1. Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy;2. International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre, P.O. Box MP 163, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe;1. Division of Agronomy, ICAR Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India;2. ICAR, Directorate of Groundnut Research, Regional Research Station, Ananthapur, Andhra Pradesh 515001, India;3. Division of Microbiology, ICAR Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India;4. Department of Natural Resource Management Section, ICAR-Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Old Goa 403 402, India;5. Director, ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad, Telangana 500059, India;6. Division of Water Science and Technology, ICAR Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India;1. Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Kamýcká 129, Prague 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic;2. Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Prof. Albareda, 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain;3. Institute of Microbiology, Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic |
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| Abstract: | The experiment was conducted to evaluate the agronomic benefit of the application of organic fertilizers combined with different soil tillage on quantitative and qualitative components of winter wheat (Triticum durum Desf., cv. ‘Simeto’) and on chemical soil fertility parameters. The environmental impact, due to heavy metals introduced in soil-plant system, was further investigated. Soil tillage treatments consisted of conventional (CT) and minimum tillage (MT). Fertilization treatments were: mineral at 100 kg N ha?1 (Nmin); municipal solid waste compost at 100 kg N ha?1 (Ncomp); 50 kg N ha?1 of both compost and mineral fertilizers (Nmix); sewage sludge at 100 kg N ha?1 (Nss). These treatments were compared with an unfertilized control (N0). No significant difference was observed between the two soil tillage treatments for quantitative yield production, while among the fertilization treatments Nss did not show any significant difference compared to Nmin. At the end of the research, the fertility of the soil (oxidable carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus) was on average higher in Ncomp and Nss treatments compared to the N0 and Nmin ones. The overall distribution of heavy metals in soil-plant system respect to the different fertilizer treatments has not allowed to grouped their effects with Principal Components Analysis. This result showed that the amount of potential pollutants applied by organic amendments did not modified the dynamic equilibrium of the soil–plant system. The MT, as well as the fertilization with the application of sewage sludge (Nss), allowed to reach productive performance similar to conventional management (CT with Nmin). Here we demonstrate that, in the short term period, sustainable agronomical techniques can replace the conventional one with environmental benefit. |
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| Keywords: | Sewage sludge Municipal solid waste Sustainable agriculture Heavy metals Soil fertility Wheat production |
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