施药喷嘴的喷洒性能研究现状及展望

使用植保机械进行化学农药的喷洒是防治作物病虫害最有效的手段之一，施药喷嘴作为植保机械的关键部件，对作业效果起着决定性作用。随着目前植保机械的迅速发展，施药喷嘴的种类和型号不断增加，作业时喷嘴的选型也变得越来越困难，因使用喷嘴不当造成的雾滴飘失距离远、沉积结构差等问题常有发生，使得研究施药喷嘴的喷洒性能变得十分必要，从而为田间作业施药喷嘴的选用提供理论指导和数据支撑。目前施药喷嘴主要分为液力雾化喷嘴和离心雾化喷嘴，简要介绍这两种喷嘴的分类和特点，总结国内外学者对其喷洒性能的研究进展，包括雾化性能和沉积飘移特性，并对比分析飘移潜在指数的常用计算方法。最后，针对我国专业施药喷嘴选型系统尚未建立的情况提出相关建议，分析目前施药喷嘴的喷洒性能研究仍有试验台的搭建不完善、喷洒介质的使用存在局限性等不足，并指出进一步研究施药喷嘴喷洒性能的发展趋势。

Research status and prospects of spraying performance of spray nozzles

Spraying chemical pesticides with plant protection machinery is one of the most effective means to prevent and control crop diseases and insect pests. As a key component of plant protection machinery, spray nozzles play a decisive role in the operation effect. With the rapid development of plant protection machinery in the present era, the types and models of spray nozzles continue to increase, and the selection of nozzles during operation has become more and more difficult. Due to the improper use of nozzles, problems such as the droplets drifting far away or poor deposition structure often occur, making it necessary to study the spraying performance of spray nozzles to provide theoretical guidance and support data for the selection of spray nozzles in field operations. Spray nozzles are mainly divided into hydraulic atomization nozzles and centrifugal atomization nozzles. This article briefly introduces the classification and characteristics of these two nozzles. It summarizes the research progress of domestic and foreign scholars on spray performance, including atomization performance and the characteristics of deposition and drift, and the standard calculation methods of drift potential index are compared and analyzed in this research. Finally, this article puts forward relevant suggestions for the situation that my countrys professional spray nozzle selection system has not yet been established, analyzes the current research on spray performance of spray nozzles, imperfect test benches, and limitations in the use of spray media, and points out the development trend of further research on spraying performance of spray nozzles.