大豆联合收获机拨禾轮作用机理分析与参数优化

为降低大豆联合收获机割台损失率，本文通过分析收获过程得出拨禾轮作用范围、茎秆回弹、拨禾轮高度对割台损失率的影响规律；以最小割台损失率为目标，利用ANSYS-ADAMS联合仿真探究收获不同高度大豆的拨禾轮最优参数。使用ANSYS软件建立大豆植株柔性模型，在ADAMS软件中建立拨禾轮-大豆茎秆刚柔耦合模型，通过单因素预试验确定关键参数的范围，以大豆联合收获机拨禾轮高度、拨禾速比、拨禾轮前移距离和大豆植株高度为试验因素，以拨禾轮对大豆茎秆的碰撞力、拨禾轮作用程度为指标开展四因素五水平二次回归中心组合仿真试验，建立了试验因素与试验指标间的数学模型，建立以作用程度最大、拨禾碰撞力最小为目标的优化方程，确定大豆联合收获机拨禾轮最优拨禾速比、最优前移距离、最优高度与大豆植株高度之间存在线性对应关系，大豆联合收获机拔禾轮参数对碰撞力与作用程度影响主次顺序为：拨禾速比、拨禾轮高度、拨禾轮前移距离。开展以拨禾轮高度、拨禾速比、拨禾轮前移距离为因素，以拨禾轮对大豆茎秆的碰撞力、拨禾轮作用程度为指标的仿真试验和以割台损失率为指标的田间试验，模型计算与仿真的碰撞力偏差平均为1.18 N,拨禾轮作用程度偏差量平均...

Mechanism Analysis and Parameter Optimization of Soybean Combine Harvester Reel

At present, there were few studies on the influence of the soybean height on the parameter of reel of soybean combine harvester in China, while the height of soybean plants in different varieties and producing areas varies greatly. In order to change the current situation of soybean combine harvester, due to the lack of theoretical guidance for the parameter adjustment of the reel, the reel parameter is not timely and accurate, resulting in high loss rate of soybean combine harvester harder. ANSYS and ADAMS co-simulation method was used to optimize the parameters of the reel of soybean combine harvester when harvesting soybeans at different heights. The influence rules of the three reel parameters and soybean plant height on the two header loss indexes were analyzed, and the best reel parameter combination at different height was found. The field verification test of the best reel parameter combination of soybean harvester was completed. Based on the analysis of the structure of reel and the principle of reel operation of soybean harvester, the importance of the reel speed ratio, reel height and reel forward displacement to the header loss indexes of soybean combine harvester was obtained. The reel speed ratio, reel height, reel forward displacement and the soybean plant height were used to optimize the four parameters in simulation test. Collision force of reel to soybean stem and effect degree of reel were used to optimize the two indexes of simulation test. The model of test indexes under test factors was established. The objective optimization equations were established. There was linear relationship between optimal parameters of reel of soybean combine harvester and soybean plant height. The order of influence of soybean combine harvester reel parameters on the two indexes was as follows: reel speed ratio, reel height, and reel forward displacement. The simulation test was carried out with the collision force of the reel to the soybean stem and the degree of action of the reel as the index, and the field test with the loss rate of the header as the index in the case of soybean plant height of 751.5mm. The average deviation of the collision force between the model calculation and the simulation was 1.18N and the average deviation of the effect degree of reel was 4.80%, which showed that the simulation model was accurate. The optimal parameters combination of reel was reel speed ratio of 1.66, reel forward displacement of 40mm and reel height of 1052mm. This solution as field experiment factor had the smallest loss rate in the experiment. The research results can provide a basis for the optimization of the allocation reel parameters of soybean combined harvest at different heights and the reduction of cutting loss.