葡萄分层旋抛式清土起藤机高效旋抛刀设计与试验

针对我国西北地区酿酒葡萄清土作业单层旋抛清土方法效率低，凭经验设计，缺乏与土壤颗粒群相互作用的研究等问题，对分层旋抛式清土起藤机旋抛刀与土壤相互作用进行研究。首先，根据中国西北地区酿酒葡萄种植的农艺及清土的农艺要求，完成分层旋抛刀的设计，然后对旋抛式清土起藤机的运动进行理论分析，确定影响旋抛刀功耗和抛送距离的主要因素，并通过EDEM-Recurdyn耦合仿真，以不同焊接角度的旋抛刀、旋抛刀转速及整机的前进速度为试验因素，以清土率、旋抛刀扭矩以及抛送距离的影响为评价指标，分析土壤离散颗粒群与旋抛刀之间的相互作用，得到最优参数组合，进一步基于台架试验对仿真试验进行验证。结果表明当旋抛刀焊接角度为30°，刀具转速为270 r/min，前进速度为0.5 m/s时，剩余土壤质量最少为159.32 kg，旋抛刀平均扭矩为13.09 N·m，土壤抛送距离集中在1.52～1.75 m之间，与仿真结果一致，研究结果可为后续研制分层旋抛式清土起藤机提供理论依据及技术参考。

Design and experiment of the rotary throwing knife of wine grape cleaning machine

Abstract: In recent years, the wine industry has witnessed unprecedented development, but it is difficult to complete the soil clearing operation in spring. In view of the low efficiency of single-layer rotary throwing soil cleaning method for wine grape soil cleaning operation in northwest China, the lack of research on interaction with soil particles in cold soil due to empirical design, we have conducted research on the interaction between rotary throwing knife and soil of layered rotary throwing soil clearing machine. In this study, a layered rotary throwing soil remover was mainly designed. The design of the rotary throwing cutter was completed according to the different functions of the upper and lower rotary throwing cutters. According to the agronomic requirements of wine grape planting and soil cleaning in Northwest China, combined with RecurDyn software, dynamic analysis was carried out to determine the number and overall size of rotary throwing knives, and then the movement of rotary throwing soil cleaning machine was theoretically analyzed to determine the main factors affecting the power consumption and throwing distance of rotary throwing knives. Specifically, trapezoidal soil ridges of cross section of 1 000 mm×600 mm×300 mm×300 mm (Length×Bottom bottom×Upper bottom×height) were established in the EDEM,RecurDyn is a new generation of multi-body system dynamics simulation software.Through EDEM RecurDyn coupling simulation, rotary throwing knives with different welding angles Taking the rotating speed of the rotary Throwing Knife and the forward speed of the whole machine as the test factors, and taking the influence of the soil removal amount, the torque of the rotary Throwing Knife and the throwing distance as the evaluation indexes, the interaction between the discrete particle group of cold proof soil and the rotary Throwing Knife is analyzed, and the optimal parameter combination was obtained,Then, a three factor four level orthogonal experiment was designed, and the reliability of the model was demonstrated by analysis of variance.Further verification based on bench test. The bench test was based on the cleaning rate of the machine and the torque during operation under the conditions of different welding angles, rotating speeds and forward speeds, and the optimal combination under the conditions of various parameters was selected. The results show that when the welding angle of the rotary throwing knife was 30°, the rotating speed of the knife was 270 r/min, and the forward speed was 0.5 m/s, the remaining soil mass was at least 159.32 kg, the torque of the rotary throwing knife was 13.09 N·m, and the soil throwing distance was concentrated between 1.52 m-1.75 m, which was consistent with the simulation results. The research results can provide theoretical basis and technical reference for the subsequent development of grapevine soil cleaning and vine lifting machine.