经营干扰对森林土壤有机碳的影响研究概述

陆地碳循环与全球气候变化之间的相互关系是当前环境问题研究的核心内容之一.森林是陆地生态系统中最大的有机碳的贮库,是陆地生态系统中重要的碳汇和碳源,且和人类的活动息息相关.结合国内外农、林业研究成果,就施肥、耕作、栽培方式、森林采伐和森林火灾等因素对森林土壤有机碳的影响进行了评述.初步认为:施用有机肥和矿质肥料,对土壤有机碳储量有很大的提高作用;对耕作土壤应该采取保护性措施,降低耕作强度或采取免耕覆盖、作物残留物管理、降低夏季休闲等措施使农业土壤由碳源转变为碳汇;由于土地开垦引起土壤有机碳的损失,因此对不适宜长期持续性耕作的土地和因植被破坏退化严重的土地,采取改变土地利用方式,植树种草,恢复和保护多年生植被.通过人为管理措施,科学地利用和保护有限的土地资源,减缓土壤中温室气体排放,增加土壤有机碳的截存,提高土壤质量.参41

Review on effects of management disturbance on forest soil organic carbon

The relationship between carbon cycle in terrestrial ecosystem and globe change is the key of environment issues.Forest is the largest reservoir of organic carbon in the terrestrial ecosystem,an important carbon sink and source,which has close relation with people's activity.Forest soil is the larges reservoir of the forest organic carbon.The advances of domestic and overseas study of the effects of forest management on the soil organic carbon was reviewed.Fertilization of organic and mineral matter would improve the SOC content,and decreasing of cultivation intension,or no-tillage and cover of crop leftover,reduction of summer fallow,would be beneficial for SOC enhancement.It would be suggest that if the soil was not suitable for long cultivation or soil degeneration,the best way was to be the change of the land-use of the soil,re-afforestation and resume and protection of the vegetation.Its aims are to utilize and preserve limited land resource scientifically,to alleviate carbon containing gases emission from soil,to enhance soil carbon sequestration and to improve soil quality.Ch,41 ref.]